| 摘要: |
| 美国州立公园与国家公园相比，更强调满足州内居民就近户外休闲游憩需求的功能，这使得其在美国整体公共户外休闲空间体系中占据特殊的位置。在中国第一次全面地研究了美国州立公园体系的发展、特征及与国家公园体系的关系，特别是以部分州为例研究了美国州立公园的分类、质量评估、可达性与空间分布评估等关键问题。研究认为，州立公园的意义在于既缓解了美国国家公园面临的巨大旅游游憩压力，也满足了大众户外休闲游憩的需求。这值得中国在目前构建国家公园与自然保护地体系的同时予以借鉴。最后基于中国的实际需求与挑战，探讨了在省域/区域层次加强构建地方公园、保护地和游憩地体系建设的必要性与途径。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 州立公园 国家公园 体系规划与评估 美国 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2019.11.0064.07 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（编号50608043，51078215，51478233） |
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| Development, Characteristics and Assessment of U.S. State Park System |
|
LIU Hailong
|
|
Tsinghua University
|
| Abstract: |
| Compared with the national park system, the state park system of the United States has served more as nearby recreational and amusement bases for local residents within the states, and has played a significant role in the whole public outdoor recreational space system of the U.S. This essay is the first in the Chinese academic circle to study the development, characteristics and evolution of the state park system of the U.S. and the relationship between the state park system and the national park system. By taking some states as examples, it has studied the classifications, quality assessments, accessibility and spatial distribution evaluation. The results show that the state park system represents the active efforts of the U.S. to relieve tourism pressures from the national parks, and satisfies public needs for outdoor recreation and natural experience. It is worthy of reference in China which is building the national park and protected area system. Finally, it discusses the necessity and urgency for China to establish a provincial and regional park, protected area and recreational area system based on the current progress and development of the national park and protected area system in China, to satisfy increasing needs of the public recreational, tourism and leisure system from local residents within the provinces and neighboring regions. |
| Key words: landscape architecture state park national park system plan and assessment U.S. |
