| 摘要: |
| 居住小区作为城市居民住所所在地，是城市居民日常生活中所处时间最长的场所，对居民的健康可以产生决定性的影响。当下中国城市的居住小区，面临老旧改造、现有维护和未来新建三大重要任务，急需构建科学合理的评价标准以指导居住小区的健康化发展。为构建评价体系，首先，明确指标的三大选取原则：指标选取须从人本视角出发；指标选取应重视居住小区与健康结局间的传导过程；指标应从多尺度选取，并体现小区内外有别。其次，创新性地结合城市规划与公共健康学科视角，确定居住小区影响居民健康的潜在指标；通过质量审查环节检索文献得到与健康结局相关的证据，支撑指标的准确性与有效性。最后，对未来健康居住小区的评价与发展进行展望：1）应结合中国实际情况，完善与应用健康居住小区的评价体系；2）未来应加强新技术在健康居住小区内的应用；3）在健康居住小区的发展中加入对城市新变化的思考。希望通过构建相对完整、开放的居住小区评价指标体系，使更多相关研究人员、政府领导认识到这一问题的重要性与紧迫性，促进中国居住小区的健康化发展。 |
| 关键词: 体育锻炼 传导过程 人本视角 健康结局 公共健康 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.11.0096.08 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:通往健康城市之路项目（Wellcome Trust 基金会资助，编号 209376/Z/17/Z）；中国博士后科学基金特别资助（站前，编号 2019TQ0166） |
|
| Research on Healthy Neighborhood Evaluation System Based on the Combined Perspectives of Urban Planning and Public Health |
|
ZHANG Yuyang, LIU Ningrui, LONG Ying
|
|
Tsinghua University
|
| Abstract: |
| Neighborhoods are places where people spend the most time in their lives. Neighborhoods have a decisive impact on the residents' health. With several important tasks, including the transformation of old neighborhoods, the maintenance of existing neighborhoods, and the construction of new neighborhoods in the future, a scientific and reasonable evaluation standard is urgently needed to guide the development of healthy neighborhoods. To build the evaluation system, this paper first clarifies the principles for selecting evaluation indicators, which include: 1) the indicators are selected from a humanistic perspective; 2) the pathways between neighborhoods environment and health outcomes are deeply considered; 3) the indicators are selected from multiple scales. Secondly, based on the combined perspectives of urban planning and public health, it identifies the indicators that affect the residents' health in neighborhoods and searches the literature through the quality assessment to provide evidence to support the accuracy and effectiveness of the indicators. Finally, it proposes prospect to the evaluation, including 1) it is urgent to improve and utilize the healthy neighborhoods based on the Chinese condition; 2) advanced technologies need to be widely applied in neighborhoods in the future; 3) the transitions in cities should be considered in the future development of neighborhoods. It hopes that relevant researchers and government leaders to realize the importance and urgency of healthy neighborhoods to build more healthy neighborhoods in China. |
| Key words: physical activities pathways humanistic perspective health outcomes public health |
| 引用本文: | 张雨洋,刘宁睿,龙瀛.健康居住小区评价体系构建探析——基于城市规划与公共健康的结合视角[J].风景园林，2020，27（11）：96-103. |
| ZHANG Yuyang,LIU Ningrui,LONG Ying.Research on Healthy Neighborhood Evaluation System Based on the Combined Perspectives of Urban Planning and Public Health[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2020, 27(11):96-103. |
|
