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1979—2017年城市公园绿地空间布局的分形演化特征——以南京为例
邵大伟, 吴殿鸣
苏州科技大学
摘要:
中国城市公园绿地布局自1979年以来发生了剧烈的空间分化和重组,其空间结构和形态的复杂性制约了对其时空规律的挖掘。引入描述无规则复杂系统结构形态的分形理论,借助网格维数、聚集维数和形态维数3个分形维数量化模型,选取1979—2017年的6个时间节点,对南京主城区公园绿地的空间布局特征和规律进行分形探究。研究发现:公园绿地空间布局经历了规则式快速填充、提质增效转型、量质稳定过渡、深度优化调整、量效齐增加速5个阶段。空间构成表现为填充度、均衡度发育日趋成熟特征,自仿射和各向异性逐渐减弱并消失;漏斗状离散态势转变为2012年以来的中心集聚,且逐渐增强;“同质被构–异质自构–异质被构”特征突出,山水城林融合特质愈发凸显。以期丰富公园绿地演化理论,为其布局优化、高效配置、美好人居环境供给提供规划依据和参照。
关键词:  公园绿地  分形维数  空间演化  结构形态  优化对策  南京
DOI:10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.03.0113.08
分类号:TU986
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(编号 51878429,51908392);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号 18YJCZH189);苏州科技大学风景园林学科建设项目
Fractal Evolution Characteristics of Urban Park Green Space Layout (1979—2017): A Case Study of Nanjing
SHAO Dawei, WU Dianming
Suzhou University of Science and Technology
Abstract:
Since 1979, the urban park green space layout in China has undergone dramatic spatial differentiation and reconstruction. The complexity of the spatial structures and forms has restricted the exploration of the spatio-temporal laws. This research introduces the fractal theory that describes the structures and forms of the irregular complex system. Using three quantitative models of grid dimension, aggregation dimension and form dimension, and selecting six time nodes from 1979 to 2017, it probes into the fractal characteristics and rules of the spatial reconstruction of park green space in the main urban area of Nanjing City. The research finds that the reconstruction of park green space has gone through the regular quick filling stage, transformation stage of improving quality and efficiency, transition stage of stable quality and quantity, stage of in-depth optimization and adjustment, and stage of rapid increase of quantity and effect. The spatial composition is characterized by the maturing filling degree and equilibrium, and gradually weakening and disappearing self-affine and anisotropy. Meanwhile, the discrete situation of the funnel has transformed into a central agglomeration and gradually strengthened since 2012. The characteristics of the transition from homogeneous structure, heterogeneous self-structure to heterogeneous structure are outstanding. The integration characteristics of mountains, rivers, city and forests are becoming more prominent. With a view to enriching the park green space evolution theory, this research provides a planning basis and reference for the layout optimization, efficient allocation, and beautiful living environment supply.
Key words:  park green space  fractal dimension  spatial evolution  structure form  optimization strategy  Nanjing
引用本文:邵大伟,吴殿鸣.1979—2017年城市公园绿地空间布局的分形演化特征——以南京为例[J].风景园林,2021,28(3):113-120.
SHAO Dawei,WU Dianming.Fractal Evolution Characteristics of Urban Park Green Space Layout (1979—2017): A Case Study of Nanjing[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2021, 28(3):113-120.