| 摘要: |
| 自然圣境指对原住民和本土社区具有特殊精神意义的自然区域，被认为是世界上最早的自然保护地形式。三江源国家公园自然圣境的空间格局体现了三江源地区典型的风景特征，其文化体系体现了当地藏民对风景的认知传统。通过文献研究、田野调查、半结构化访谈、空间制图等方法，识别三江源国家公园自然圣境的文化体系、空间格局与行为传统，以及牧民对上述三者的认知。揭示三江源地区自然圣境作为原住民生活及信仰空间、民间自然保护地和访客游憩空间的多元价值，探讨气候变化、社会变迁、原住民生活方式改变、访客活动增加等现象导致的自然圣境自然与文化环境改变、生态影响加剧、管理存在空白等问题。在中国国家公园体制建设背景下，提出三江源国家公园自然圣境识别、研究与保护的建议。 |
| 关键词: 国家公园 自然圣境 三江源 自然保护地 风景认知 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.04.0117.07 |
| 分类号:TU985 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51708323，51978365） |
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| Research on Cognition Tradition and Spatial Pattern of Sacred Natural Sites of Three-River-Source National Park: Taking Angsai Township of Lancang River Source Park as an Example |
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ZHAO Zhicong, WANG Pei
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Tsinghua University
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| Abstract: |
| Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) are defined as areas of land or water having special spiritual significance to indigenous peoples and communities. SNS is considered the earliest form of protected area in the world. The spatial pattern of SNS in Three-River-Source National Park embodies the typical landscape features of Three-River-Source Area and its cultural system reflects the cognitive tradition of the local Tibetan people to the landscape. Based on literature research, field investigation, and semi-structured interview and mapping, this research identifies the cultural system, spatial pattern, and behavioral tradition of SNS, and recognizes herdsmen’s cognition towards the above three aspects. It reveals the multiple values of SNS of Three-River-Source Area, as the indigenous living and belief space, unofficial protected area, and visitors’ leisure space. It also discusses changes in the natural and cultural environments, increasing ecological impact, lack of management, among other problems in SNS, which are caused by the climate change, social transition, indigenous lifestyle change, and increasing visitor activities. Under the background of China’s national park system construction, this research puts forward some suggestions on the identification, research, and conservation of SNS in Three-River-Source National Park. |
| Key words: national park Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) Three-River-Source protected area landscape perception |
