| 摘要: |
| 景观考古视角下岩画的价值不仅仅是图像语义本身，更是先民与环境互动产生的遗迹，尤其是岩画的分布特征可以作为理解历史环境变迁和人地关系演化的重要切入点。以通天河流域岩画作为研究对象，根据考古调查报告对已发现岩画点进行整理，利用GIS平台构建岩画数据库；然后运用K均值聚类法将岩画依据空间位置划分为4个岩画群，进一步选取影响岩画分布的8个潜在变量，综合运用成本表面分析法、累积可视域法等方法计算并提取对应变量的空间属性信息；运用最大熵模型对通天河流域岩画整体和各岩画群分别建立考古遗址预测模型。结果显示：该地区各岩画群彼此间分布特征差异大，但岩画群内部具有相似性。从上游早期至下游晚期的岩画，其分布受河流、遗址点可达性的影响逐渐减小，受高程、植被覆盖等因素的影响增大，这种变化是对该地区早期人类迁徙与适应环境过程的反映。最后，结合预测结果绘制出各岩画群潜在的分布概率图，可作为岩画景观保护范围划定的依据。 |
| 关键词: 景观考古学 最大熵模型 岩画 空间分析 考古遗址预测模型 通天河 人地关系 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.11.0044.07 |
| 分类号:TU986；K85 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51978448）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（编号 B13011） |
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| Maxent Modeling for Distribution of Rock Art Landscape in Tongtian River Basin |
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ZHANG Yuchen1, HE Jie2
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1.Tianjin University;2.Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
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| Abstract: |
| From the perspective of landscape archaeology, the value of rock art is not only graphical semantics itself, but more importantly a relic of hunter-gatherers’ interaction with their living environment. The spatial distribution of rock art can be considered as a key indicator to understand the change of the historical environment and the evolution of human-environment relationship. This research investigates the rock art sites in Tongtian River basin of Yushu region, Qinghai Province. It firstly establishes a rock art GIS database with the data collected from archaeological reports. After dividing the sites into four groups according to their locations through the K-means analysis, eight parameters which may affect the spatial distribution of the rock art to test their influences are introdues. The spatial attributes of these parameters are derived from the database in various spatial analysis approaches, including the cost surface analysis and cumulative viewshed analysis. Then the Maxent archaeological predictive models are established for all the sites and each individual group of rock art, in order to calculate the relationship between the rock art distribution and the effecting parameters. The analytical results show that although the key factors are largely different in each location, there are still similarities among the rock art sites within each group. Compared to the earlier upstream sites, the site selection of the later downstream rock art is less influenced by accessibility to rivers and archaeological habitation sites, but more influenced by elevation and vegetation cover. The changes in the spatial distribution of rock art reflect the migration and adaptation to the environment of the early humans. The archaeological predictive model is finally introduced to predict the potential distribution of undiscovered rock art locations. The predictive maps can also serve as a guidance to designate the protection areas. |
| Key words: landscape archaeology Maxent model rock art spatial analysis archaeological predictive models Tongtian River human-environment relationship |
