| 摘要: |
| 当前，全球已进入“城市化世纪”，自然保护事业面临巨大的挑战和机遇，城市自然保护地的重要性日渐凸显。中国正同时处于新型城镇化和自然保护地体系重构的关键时期，急须思考城市自然保护地的保护和管理路径，但当前中国的相关研究较为欠缺，还需借鉴更多的国际经验。在系统梳理全球城市自然保护地相关研究、实践的基础上，首先从定义、特性两方面阐释城市自然保护地的内涵，辨析其与城市荒野、城市绿地、传统自然保护地的异同。其次回顾了城市自然保护地的发展历程，介绍其现状概况，阐明开展相关研究与实践的重要性，并从认识层面、行政层面、资金层面、社会层面总结了管理经验。在此基础上，提出中国城市自然保护地研究的3个思考方向，分别是城市自然保护地本底研究、与国土空间规划和“三区三线”的关系研究、定位及管理措施研究。最后，提出了中国城市自然保护地实现有效保护管理的4条可能路径：以科学研究促认识提升、以多种途径促行政治理、以市场手段促资金保障、以国民教育促社会参与。在系统思辨国际经验的基础上，创新性地思考中国城市自然保护地未来的可能发展方向，能为后续研究与实践提供一定借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市自然保护地 生物多样性 城市荒野 城镇化 国家公园 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.03.0073.06 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（编号 2662020YLQD003）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（编号 52108040） |
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| International Experience and Inspirations in Management of Urban Protected Areas |
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ZHONG Le1, ZHANG Zheng2, ZHANG Yin3
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1.Huazhong Agricultural University;2.Jiangxi Tourism Planning and Research Institute;3.Chongqing University
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| Abstract: |
| The “urbanization century” has arrived globally, bringing about great challenges and opportunities to the cause of nature conservation. Urban protected areas are thus becoming increasingly prominent. It is also a critical time for China to put more emphasis on the conservation and management of urban protected areas, due to the irreversible trend of new-type urbanization and the appeal for the reconstruction of the protected area system. However, there is a lack of relevant researches in China, that the international experience is of great reference significance. On the basis of a systematic global literature review, this research clarifies the concept and characteristics of urban protected areas and distinguishes them from urban wilderness, urban green space and other protected areas. It also draws management experiences of urban protected areas from the historical retrospect and current situation evaluation, at the cognitive, administrative, financial and social levels. Then it puts forward three vital research directions on Chinese urban protected areas, which are the status survey and evaluation, relations with the territorial spatial planning system, and the study on formulation and management measures. It further provides four suggestions to improve the management efficiency of urban protected areas, including raising public awareness by scientific researches, administrative governance by multiple approaches, ensuring financial supply by market incentives and encouraging public participation by national education. After a systematic review of the international experience, it creatively ponders the possible future development of urban protected areas in China, providing reference for subsequent studies and practices. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban protected areas biodiversity urban wilderness urbanization national parks |
| 引用本文: | 钟乐,章政,张引.城市自然保护地管理的国际经验和启示[J].风景园林，2022，29（3）：73-78. |
| ZHONG Le,ZHANG Zheng,ZHANG Yin.International Experience and Inspirations in Management of Urban Protected Areas[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2022, 29(3):73-78. |
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