| 摘要: |
| 采矿作为人类最古老的活动之一，与相关的金属生产一起，通常被认为是推动人类文明进步和国家发展的主要原因。同时，作为一项全球性活动，采掘业遍布世界各地，其中部分矿产地已经或即将面临枯竭，成为矿业废弃地。从文献资料与实物遗存双重层面理解矿业废弃地景观：一方面，文献资料展现了采矿文化及其内涵演变历程；另一方面，实物遗存见证了由自然和人类共同塑造的复杂多时相的遗产地。基于文献与实物的双重认知，有2个主要研究目的：1）将矿业废弃地景观层层剥离，解读过去的采矿活动和采矿遗迹如何影响矿工群体和矿业文化；2）批判性地阐释矿业废弃地景观作为“遗产”服务于当代社会的特征和价值。结合考古学、文化人类学和工业遗产研究的视角分析案例，案例涉及金属和非金属矿业、地下和露天矿业等多种矿业废弃地类型，案例时间从古代持续到近代和现代，案例分布的地域范围几乎覆盖各大洲。分析结果显示，虽然每处矿业废弃地都独具特点，但其整体蕴含着一系列生态、理论、技术、经济、历史、教育、艺术、社会和人文等方面的价值，可以将矿业废弃地景观及其蕴含的独特文化纳入全球化视野中讨论。 |
| 关键词: 工业遗产 矿业景观 矿业文化 矿业遗产 全球化 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.04.0067.10 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（编号 FRF-BR-20-15A）；北京市社会科学基金（编号 19LSC010） |
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| The Landscapes, Cultures and Heritage Values of Abandoned Mining Sites |
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(ESP) Juan Manuel CANO-SANCHIZ, WANG Dongdong
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University of Science and Technology Beijing
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| Abstract: |
| Mining is one of the oldest human activities and, together with the associated production of metals, it has often been considered a major agent of civilisation and national development. As a global activity, the footprints of the extractive industry are to be found everywhere in the world, especially as abandoned mining sites. In this article, we understand the mining landscape in a double sense. On one hand, as a material document that can inform us about the mining culture and its evolution. On the other hand, as a complex multi-temporal site shaped jointly by nature and humans. Based on this double perception, this paper has two aims. 1) To read the landscape as a palimpsest that can show how mining activities and the remains of the mining past shape human groups and cultures. 2) To critically discuss the features and values of these landscapes as heritage in service of the contemporary society. In doing so, we combine perspectives of archaeology, ethnography and industrial heritage studies to consider several examples from different types (metallic and non-metallic mining, underground and open-pit mining), chronologies (ancient, modern and contemporary) and geographies (almost every continent in the globe). Our main conclusion is that, despite the singularities of each case, it is possible to define the landscapes of abandoned mining operations and its specific cultures as territories of globalisation that embody a series of heritage values, such as ecological, theoretical, technological, economic, historical, pedagogical, aesthetic, social and human ones. |
| Key words: industrial heritage mining landscape mining culture mining heritage globalisation |
