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| 区域河流蓝绿空间特征差异与协同规划 |
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余俏1, 李昊宸1, 杜梦娇1, 钱云2
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1.重庆交通大学;2.北京林业大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】区域河流蓝绿空间内在自然过程和空间功能紧密联系，在国土空间规划中发挥着多尺度支撑约束作用和多维度区域协调作用，其协同规划研究对探讨国土空间规划背景下最大效益地保护和开发自然资源具有重要意义。【方法】通过文献与实证研究，归纳区域河流蓝绿空间转化的特征差异，即内在自然特征差异、外在建设发展诉求差异，以及区域整体空间转化特征差异；然后在此基础上总结针对上述差异特征的规划思路。【结果】提出区域河流蓝绿空间在空间与功能上的协同规划管控途径，即划分整体空间、纵向空间和横向空间三级样条分区，并协调安排分区复合功能；依据样条分区功能目标，在“城乡区域-河网、中心城镇-河区、街区场地-河段”3个层面制定河流蓝绿空间的协同规划与管控措施。【结论】区域河流蓝绿空间协同规划既注重适应河岸生态系统的演进，又注重满足建设发展需求和邻近建设用地的环境影响，在保障河流蓝绿空间生态系统健康的同时提升了外部复合服务功能。 |
| 关键词: 国土空间 协同规划管控 特征差异 区域河流蓝绿空间 样条分区 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202202270117 |
| 分类号:TU985.12 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“基于样条分区的山地城乡河岸带绿色空间差异化规划研究”（编号 52008062）；重庆市教委科学技术研究项目“基于复合生态功能协调的山地城市蓝绿廊道规划方法研究”（编号 KJQN202100735）；重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目“重庆交通大学 - 重庆市风景园林科学研究院风景园林研究生联合培养基地”（编号 JDLHPYJD2020035） |
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| Characteristic Difference and Collaborative Planning of Regional River Blue-Green Space |
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YU Qiao1, LI Haochen1, DU Mengjiao1, QIAN Yun2
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1.Chongqing Jiaotong University;2.Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] Passing through nature reserves, rural agricultural areas and urban construction areas successively, regional river blue-green space is typically characterized by external differentiation and internal integrity. With its natural process and spatial function closely linked, regional river blue-green space plays the role of multi-scale support constraint and multi-dimensional regional coordination in territorial spatial planning. As an important ecologically sensitive space, regional river blue-green corridor network can support the supply of territorial natural ecological resources as a whole, the protection and restoration of ecological space, the efficiency of rainfall flood regulation and storage, the health of ecosystem in urban and rural watersheds, and can constrain the unlimited sprawl of city and the planning and spatial layout of construction land to guide the formation of sustainable urban spatial forms and promote the intensive development of territorial space. The river blue-green space has multiple functional values in such fields as ecology, society, economy and culture. Through reasonable planning and management, the river blue-green space can be used as a “connector” to coordinate the conflicts between protected areas and development areas, construction land and non-construction land, ecological function and social function, etc. The research on the collaborative planning of river blue-green space is of important significance to the conservation and exploitation of natural resources under the background of territorial spatial planning.[Methods] Through literature research and case studies, this research summarizes the differences in the transformation characteristics of regional river blue-green space, and develops approaches for the collaborative planning and management thereof. [Results] The differences in internal natural characteristics are reflected in longitudinal spaces (such as source zone, transfer zone and sedimentary zone), lateral spaces (such as river channel, flood plain, slope area and highland area), vertical spaces (such as surface water, diving layer and groundwater) and seasonal changes of natural factors. The differences in external construction demands are reflected in the riparian areas associated with urban and rural areas, such as nature reserves, rural agricultural areas, and urban construction areas, which respectively undertake such functions as habitat maintenance, agricultural production, residence, industry, commerce and leisure. The differences in regional overall spatial transformation are reflected in the transformation rules for river blue-green space in such aspects as functional pattern, associated land utilization, and basic element characteristics. On the basis of recognizing the characteristic differences of regional river blue-green space, the research proposes a collaborative planning approach in terms of space and function. According to relevant socio-economic indicators, the research conducts transect zoning at three levels as follows: the overall transect zoning of the river network at the urban and rural regional level, the river longitudinal transect zoning at the central town level, and the lateral transect zoning of river reach at the block site level. In combination with the natural ecological characteristics, current construction problems and urban-rural development demands of the river blue-green space in each zone, the research coordinates the dominant and secondary composite functions of the river blue-green space in transect zones as a whole and the longitudinal transect zones based on the interpretation of the synergy-tradeoff relationship between various ecological service functions. At the level of urban and rural areas, the research puts forward a model for collaborative planning and layout of river blue-green space at multiple scales. In addition, the research builds an overall support system of river blue-green space, which covers water conservation areas, hydrological corridors, and hydrological priorities. According to the overall functional positioning of the overall transect zoning, the research confirms the layout types and locations of conservation areas, corridors and hydrological priorities. At the level of central town, the research forms the longitudinal land layout pattern of the river blue-green space. Under the composite functional objective of longitudinal transect zoning, the research summarizes the guidelines for the layout of land types of the river blue-green space in such aspects as layout location, layout scale, layout form and compatible combination to form a coupled and coordinated layout mode for construction land and non-built land in river area of central town. At the level of block site, the research implements management and control over the lateral ecological interface of the river blue-green space and the fine interface design matching the composite functional objectives. Specifically, the research manages and controls the boundary, patch form and greenway of the ecological interface, and establishes the main control indicators of the lateral ecological interface, such as the proportion of trees and shrubs, the form of revetment, the ratio of inner patch edge, and the width of greenway and green street.[Conclusion] There exists obvious spatial heterogeneity in the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the regional river blue-green space. It is necessary to integrate the differences in ecological characteristics and social demands, and carry out the identification of differences in urban-rural regional characteristics and the collaborative planning and management of regional river blue-green space. Based on transect zoning, the research clarifies the the composite functions of and the spatial layout of land utilization by river blue-green space, and develops the strategies for collaborative planning at different levels for different river sections and corresponding control factor indexes, so as to form planning and management approaches for the effective protection and utilization of regional river blue-green space. The collaborative planning of regional river blue-green space attaches importance to both the internal adaptation to the evolution of riparian ecosystem, and the external formation of related environmental impacts and satisfaction of urban-rural development function demands, which not only ensures the healthy operation of the internal ecosystem of the river corridor, but also improves the external composite service function. |
| Key words: territorial space collaborative planning and management characteristic difference regional river blue-green space transect zoning |
| 引用本文: | 余俏,李昊宸,杜梦娇,钱云.区域河流蓝绿空间特征差异与协同规划[J].风景园林，2023，30（1）：78-84. |
| YU Qiao,LI Haochen,DU Mengjiao,QIAN Yun.Characteristic Difference and Collaborative Planning of Regional River Blue-Green Space[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(1):78-84. |
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