| 摘要: |
| 【目的】完善生态基础设施规划治理体系是充分发挥其生命支持系统和引领绿色转型作用的重要保障。【方法】通过文献调查、历史研究、比较研究等方法，厘清英国生态基础设施的内涵要义，阐述其规划建设的系统性、生态效益的综合性对规划治理的内在要求，进一步梳理2003—2021年相关政策、法规、规划和研究中涉及英国生态基础设施规划治理的要点内容，从目标导向、组织形式、实施机制3个视角梳理发展历程。【结果】发现英国生态基础设施规划治理经历了局部试点、全面实践、机制创新3个发展阶段，呈现从“提高生态服务”到“支撑绿色发展”、从“各自为政”到“协同共治”、从“效益概述”到“收益评估”的发展趋势，呈现目标重塑、治理重组、价值重构的特征。【结论】开展英国生态基础设施规划治理的发展演进历程及其现阶段主要特征研究，可为中国各地相关实践提供启示借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 生态基础设施 规划治理 绿色空间 绿色转型 生态价值 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202202280121 |
| 分类号:TU981 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Evolution of Planning Governance for Ecological Infrastructure in the UK and Inspirations Thereof |
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JING Zeyu1, WANG Zhongjie1, MA Aixin2
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1.China Academy of Urban Planning and Design;2.Beijing Institute of Landscape and Traditional Architectural Design and Research Co., Ltd..
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] The evolution of the planning governance system for ecological infrastructure is an essential guarantee for giving full play to the role of ecological infrastructure in systematic life support and green transformation. According to relevant academic researches, the planning governance for ecological infrastructure in China still needs to be improved against such problems as the simplicity inclination of objective orientation, the insufficient ubiquity of collaborative governance organization, and the inadequacy of quantitative evaluation methods and standards for ecological value. This research aims to clarify the evolution process and the latest features of the planning governance for ecological infrastructure in the UK, and to draw inspiration therefrom to relevant practice in China.[Methods] This research first identifies the substance of the term “ecological infrastructure” in the UK policies from the perspective of space, function and the supporting role of ecological infrastructure in urban construction, and elaborates the inherent requirements thereof including systematic plan formulation, innovative construction mode, comprehensive ecological benefits and corresponding high-level planning governance. After that, the research combs the key contents related to the governance of ecological infrastructure in relevant policies, regulations, plans and researches issued or conducted during the period from 2003 and 2021 in the UK, and has the evolution process of the planning governance for ecological infrastructure divided into three stages, with the progress of each stage being summarized. On this basis, the research refines the latest features and advantages of the planning governance for ecological infrastructure in the UK from the perspective of governance orientation, governance organization and governance mechanism. Finally, in combination with the key issues under the objective of high-quality development of urban construction in China, the research clarifies relevant experience and inspirations that can be drawn from the UK by demonstrating relevant experimental practice in some domestic cities. [Results] The evolution of the planning governance for ecological infrastructure in the UK exhibits variations between the three stages. In the first stage, under the overall objective of urban development strategies such as the sustainable communities agenda, the growth point agenda and the eco-towns worksheet, the construction and governance of ecological infrastructure were carried out as one of the main principles in limited experimental places, which were invested by the government especially for the aforesaid strategies. In the second stage, in the context of planning system reform characterized by localism enhancement, the practice of planning-making椠癡敮獤⸠呯桶敥灮牡慮捣瑥椠捯敦†潥晣灬汯慧湩湣楡湬朠杮潦癲敡牳湴慲湵捣整⁵畲湥搠敷牡琠档敡浲潩牥敤†捯潵浴瀠物敮栠敭湯獳楴瘠散潴扩橥敳挠瑡楮癤攠潥牧楩敯湮瑳愠瑩楮漠湴潥映⁕杋爬攠敷湨瑣牨愠湩獭晰潲牯浶慥瑤椠潴湨挠慰湬杮椠癦敯晭畵汬污⁴灩汯慮礠瑹桳整牭漠污敮漠晰敡据漠汭潡杮楡捧慥汭楮湴映牦慲獡瑭牥畷捯瑲畫爠敦楲渠捵畩汤瑩楮癧愠瑣楯湮杳⁴杲牵散整湩汮椠景敦猠瑥祣汯敬Ɐ楩湣捡牬攠慩獮楦湲条瑴桲敵灴牵潲灥漮爠瑉楮漠湴潥映⁴杨物敲敤渠瑴牡慧湥猬瀠潵牮瑤慥瑲椠潴湨愠湤摥⁶灥汬慯捰業湥杮⁴椠湯湢潪癥慣瑴楩潶湥†敯捦漠湧潲浥祥椠湴桡楮杳桦ⵯ摲敭湡獴楩瑯祮愠牴敨慥猠ⱡ瑣桯畵獮⁴物敮汧攠慡獮楤渠杴瑡桮敳散捴潩汯潮朠業捥慣汨ⱡ捩畳汭琠畦牯慲氠ⱥ獯潬捯楧慩汣慬渠摶敬捵潥渠潷浡楳挠癥慶汥畬敯獰潤映敲捡潭污潴杩楣捡慬汬⁹椠湡晴爠慴獨瑥爠畮捡瑴畩牯敮㈠⥬䝶楥癬攠湡瑤栠慩瑮†摳楯癭敥爠獬敡敧捥漠汣潩杴楩捥慳氠牮散獬潵畤物据敧猠⁌慯湮摤獮瀬愠捷敨獩慨爠敥瑦潥扴敩⁶楥湬瑹攠杳牵慰瑰敯摲⁴楥湤琠潴慥†捰潬浡灮潮獩楮瑧攬†湣敯瑮睳潴牲歵楴湩汮椠湡敮眠楩瑮桶瑳桴敭据潴渠湤潥瑣慩瑳楩潯湮猭潡晫敮捧漠汯潦朠楥捣慯汬楧湩晣牡慬猠瑩牮畦捲瑡畳牴敲Ⱶ瑴桵敲朮漠癄敵牲湩慮湧挠整潥爠杰慥湲楩穯慤琠楦潲湯挠栲愰爰愳挠瑴敯爠椲稰攲搱戠祴汥攠癤敥汶捬潯潰灭敥牮慴琠楴潥湮Ɽ牮散杹椠潯湦愠汰捡潮潮物摮楧渠慧瑯楶潥湲慡湮摣搠敦灯慲爠瑥浣敯湬瑯捩潣污汬愠扩潮牦慲瑡楳潴湲⁵獣桴潵畲汥搠扮攠⁴敨獥琠慕手氠楰獲桥敳摥⁴䅥洠潦牥敡⁴捵潲潥牳搠楡湮慤琠敡摤⁶慡灮灴牡潧慥捳栠瑳潰杣潩癡敬牬湹愠湩据攠⁴潨牲来慥渠業穡慩瑮椠潡湳⁰瑥档慴瑳挠愱温†浔慨硥椠浧楯究敥瑮桡敮晥甠湯捲瑩楥潮湴潴晩杮爠整敲湡楳湦景牲慭獥瑤爠畦捲瑯畭爠敩扰祲扶物敮慧欠楥湣杯瑹桳牴潥畭朠桳牲敶獩瑣牥椠捴瑯椠癳敵⁰晰慯捲瑴潩牮獧†獧畲捥桥愠獤獶敥捬瑯潰牭浮慴渮愠杔敨浥攠湬瑡⁴慥湳摴†慧摯浶楥湲楮獡瑮牣慥琠楯癲敩摮楴癡楴獩楯潮渠⁴睵桲楮汳攠瑵慴欠楴湯朠楥渠瑵潲慡据挠潣畯湮瑳⁴扲潵瑣桴瑯桮攠潯癤敥牬愠污汤潰扴橥敤挠瑴楯瘠敫慹渠摩摳極癥敳爠獩敮摬敵浤慩湮摧猠潲晥摮椠晬晩敦牥敳湴瑹獥甠扰潲牯摭楯湴慩瑯敮瀠污慩捲攠獰獬桬潵畴汩摯戠敡摬敥癶敩污潴灩敯摮⸬†㍩⥮⁴䅥癳慩汶略攠慡据捤漠畵湳瑥椠湡杮愠湩摮瑵牳慴湲獩慡捬琠極潰湧浡敤捩桮慧渮椠猲洩†捔潨癥攠牧楯湶来慮污汮步椠湯摲獧潮晩⁺捡潴浩灯潮渠敥湶瑯敶汥敤洠敦湲瑯獭†潴晨攠捦潲污潧杭楥据慴污⁴楩湯普爠慯獦琠牯畷据瑥畲牳敨楰渠瑮桤攠睡桮潡汧敥慥摮浴椠湴楯猠瑴牨慥琠楣癯敬牡敢杯楲潡湴獯桮漠畯汦搠⁶扡敲敯獵瑳愠扳汵楢獪桥散摴ⱳ†睡桴椠捤桩楦獥獥畮灴瀠潬獥敶摥瑳漮†扔敨愠扬污整瑳潴†楧浯灶牥潲癮敡散捥漠汯潲杧楡据慩決扴敩湯敮映楣瑡獮†慢湥搠癰慰汬畩敥映潡牴†捤楩瑦楦敥獲ⱥ睴栠楳汣敡敥硳瀠污潮牤椠湩杮†湡敬睬†獲略獧瑩慯楮湳愠扴汯攠摡數癩敭汩潺灥洠整湨瑥†潦灵灮潣牴瑩畯湮楳琠楯敦猠慣湯摬浧潩摣敡汬猠普潦牲牳畴牲慵汣⁴慵湲摥攠渳瘩椠牔潨湥洠敦湯瑣慵汳氠祯猠敧湯獶楥瑲楮癡敮慥爠敭慥獣䉮祩灭爠潳癨楩摦楴湥杤†慦捯桭愠湰捵敢晩潣爠灮潴獥楲瑥楳癴攠楶湥瑲敶物慥捷琠楴潯渠扯敭瑰睲敥敨湥瑳桩敶瀠牡潳浳潥瑴攠牶獡慵湥搠瑤桥敮⁴扩敦湩散晡楴捩楯慮爠楡敮獤†潥晣敮捯潭汩潣朠楢捥慮汥癩慴氠畡散Ᵽ瑵桮整慮晧漮爠敔獨慥椠摬浴敥捳桴愠湧楯獶浥据慡湮敥渠獭略牣敨瑮桩敳猠畷獥瑬慬椠湪慵扳汴敩楩浥灳爠潳癯散浩敡湬琠潮晶敳捴潭汥潮杴椠捡慮汤†癰慵汢畬敩愠湢摵牧慥瑴椬漠湡慮汤†摴楨獵瑳爠楧扵畡瑲楡潮湴潥晳†敳捵潳汴潡杩楮捡慢汬瀠牣潯摮畳捴瑲獵⁴ion and conservation of ecological infrastructure. [Conclusion] Based on the aforesaid efforts, the research draws the following three conclusions. 1) Under the prevailing condition of tight constraints on resources and environment in Chinese cities at present, it is necessary to build policy tools for ecological infrastructure under the framework of the overall urban or regional development object |
| Key words: ecological infrastructure planning governance green space green transformation ecological value |
