| 摘要: |
| 【目的】国家文化公园作为中国首创的概念，是以打造中华文化重要标志与标识为目标的重大文化工程。开展系统性的综述研究，对国家文化公园的理论体系构建和建设保护规划具有重要意义。【方法】基于国家文化公园政策文件、建设方案与建设保护规划的资料梳理和学术研究的文献追踪，对其内涵特征、实践进展与理论探索做出总结。【结果】归纳当前国家文化公园的理论与实践主要表现为：1）国家文化公园具有从地方性离散到区域性整合的文化资源集群保护的内涵本质，表现出国家性、地方化、公园型的概念特征；2）国家文化公园的建设逻辑为从宏观到微观、从中央到地方，分载体、分省域、分区段开展，形成了基于国家性与地方化的综合性资源识别方法、基于资源属性与保护发展的总体空间布局与主体功能区设置、基于落地建设与管理运营的关键领域基础工程与体制机制保障；3）国家文化公园理论探索主要围绕多元载体拓展、特色资源补充以及均衡发展、边界划定、跨域协同、法规保障等方面展开。【结论】在国家文化公园内涵特征、实践进展、理论探索综合分析的基础上，从规范建设、边界整合、创新传承3个方面提出理论研究与建设实践的展望。 |
| 关键词: 国家文化公园 线性文化遗产 内涵本质 概念特征 空间规划 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202207260439 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“宋代城市风景的营建机制及空间模式研究”（编号 51878087） |
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| Review of National Cultural Parks: Connotative Characteristics, Practical Progress and Theoretical Exploration |
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MAO Huasong, WU Yinghuaxia, WANG Xuechun, XIE Shouhong
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Chongqing University
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| Abstract: |
| [Purpose] The concept of “national cultural park” is initiated by China. As a new type of park, national cultural parks focus on the protection and utilization of cultural relics and cultural resources, aim to create important signs and logos of Chinese culture so are of great significance for the “paradigmatic” international communication and localization practice of Chinese heritage discourse. Systematic review and research are conducive to the construction of the theoretical system for and the construction and protection planning of national cultural parks. [Methods] Based on data sorting of policy documents, construction plans, construction protection plans, and literature tracking of academic research related to national cultural parks, this research summarizes the connotative characteristics, practical progress and theoretical exploration of national cultural parks in China. [Results] 1) National cultural parks reflect the connotative essence of the clustered protection of cultural resources from local dispersion to regional integration, and present the conceptual characteristic of nationalization, localization and park orientation. Clustered protection is mainly manifested in two aspects: cultural resources and protection methods. On the basis of clustered protection, the “nationalization” of national cultural parks is reflected in the strategic goal of the national will, the image positioning of Chinese symbols, and the organizational guarantee of central planning; “localization” is reflected in the local characteristics of differentiation and complementation, the local development with value spillover, and the local support for implementation practice; “park orientation” is reflected in the popularity of service subject and the openness of spatial structure. 2) The construction of national cultural parks is supposed to be conducted by carrier, province and section following the logic of extending from macro control to micro refinement, and from central planning to local implementation so as to form a comprehensive resource identification method based on the characteristics of nationalization and localization, a general spatial layout and specific layout of main functional areas based on resource attributes, protection and development, and a guarantee for basic projects and relevant systems and mechanisms in key areas based on construction, management and operation. The identification of resources highlights national representative and local cultural resources, and gives consideration to national ecological restoration and historical environmental protection of natural resources; the general layout is based on the spatial distribution of cultural resources and relies on the administrative boundary for boundary framing and segmented control; the main functions are divided into four categories: control protection area, theme exhibition area, cultural and tourism integration area, and traditional utilization area; the basic projects in key areas are divided into five essential projects: protection and inheritance, research and excavation, environmental support, cultural and tourism integration, and digital reproduction. In terms of the system and mechanism guarantee, a construction mode of “general planning and coordination-joint implementation-unified acceptance” has been formed, which entails top-level design 慢汹†牴敨獥漠畣牥据整獲ⱡ映潧汯汶潥睲瑭桥敮⁴瀠牡潮瑤攠捳瑰楥潣湩慩湣搠摭数癬敥汭潥灮浴敡湴瑩杮漠慢汹猠潯晣瑬栠敧晶潥畲牮浥慮楴湳映申温挠瑔楨潥渠慴汨慯牲敥慴獩潡晬†湥慸瑰楬潯湲慡汴捯畮氠瑯畦爠慮污⁴灩慯牮歡獬Ⱐ捵潬湴獵楲摡敬爠⁰瑡桲敫挠潭湡瑩牮潬汹†潦景汵慳湥摳†獯灮愠捴敨瀠汥慸湰湡楮湳杩Ɐ愠湯摦†捭慵牬牴祩⁰潬略琠瑡桲敲潩牥敲瑳椬挠慴汨爠敳獵数慰牬捥桭慮湴搠灦爠慣捨瑡楲捡慣汴敲硩灳汴潩牣愠瑲楥潳湯⁵潲湣扳漬甠湴摨慥爠祢摬敡汮楣浩楮瑧愠瑯楦漠湤晶潥牬牰敭獥潮畴爬挠整楥搠敤湥瑬楩晭楩捴慡瑴楩潯湮Ⱐ慦渠摢潵湮浡慲湹愬朠整浨敥渠瑩慰湲摯⁶捥潭湥瑮牴漠汯爠散煲畯楳牳攭浲敥湧瑩獯慡湬搠楯湯瑲敤杩牮慡瑴楩潯湮洠敡瑮桤漠摴獨†䥰湥瑦敥牣浴獩潮映灦爠潬瑡敷捳琠楡潮湤Ⱐ楥湧桵敬牡楴瑩慯湮捳攮†慓湣摨楬湡湲潳瘠慳瑵楧潧湥ⱳ⁴椠瑴楡獴†湣敡捲敲獩獥慲牳礠瑨潯Ⱶ晤爠潣浯⁶瑥桲攠⁴灨敥爠獭灡整捥瑲楩癡敬†潡普挠畩汮瑴畡牮慧汩慬湥搠瑵潬畴牵楲獡瑬†楨湥瑲敩杴牡慧瑥椠潩湮Ⱐ⁴捨汥愠牦楯晲祭†桯潦眠瑯潴猠瑬物敮湥朠瑡桮敤渠⁰獬畡据桥愠灡灮牤漠慦捯桲敭猠愠湭摡浲敯瑳桹潳摴獥愠獷捴畨氠瑢畡牮慤汥椠湳瑴敲牵灣牴敵瑲慥琠楡潮湤Ⱐ瀠慣牥瑲楴捡楩灮愠瑧楥潯湧Ⱳ数硨灩散牡楬攠湳捰敡Ᵽ攮搠畓捣慨瑯楬潡湲愠湰摲瑰牯慳楥湤椠湴杨楴渠捥潳浯扵楲湣慥琠楩潤湥睴楩瑦桩污潴捩慯汮†捳桨慯牵慬捤琠敦牯楲獭琠楡据猠ⱡ瑬漭桮楣杬桵汳楩杶桥琠瑵桬整氭潬捥慶汥楬稠慳瑹楳潴湥愠湣摯灰慯牳步漠牯楦攠湴瑨慥琠楯潮湴潬景湹愠瑥楬潥湭慥汮⁴捳甠污瑮畤爠慳汵灲慯牵歮獤ng environment of cultural heritage. In addition, scholars also propose strategies against the problems of unbalanced development, unclear boundary, product homogeneity, unstable management mechanism, lagging construction of the team of management talents, insufficient guarantee for financial funds, ineffective cross-regional coordination mechanism, and imperfect laws and regulations in construction practice. [Conclusion] The construction of national cultural parks in China has formed preliminary theoretical and practical achievements, but there still remains room for in-depth theoretical research and practical innovation in three aspects: standardization of relevant laws and regulations, integration of spatial boundary, and protection, inheritance and innovation. In terms of the standardization of laws and regulations, it is supposed to, based on the reference of existing laws and regulations on national parks, formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations to clarify the requirements for resource identification, spatial delimitation and management and control of national cultural parks as soon as possible. In terms of the integration of spatial boundary, scholars and practice departments should integrate existing boundaries and existing requirements for management and control of cultural and natur |
| Key words: national cultural park linear cultural heritage connotative essence conceptual characteristic spatial planning |
| 引用本文: | 毛华松,吴映华夏,王雪纯,谢守红.国家文化公园综述——内涵特征、实践进展与理论探索[J].风景园林，2023，30（2）：57-64. |
| MAO Huasong,WU Yinghuaxia,WANG Xuechun,XIE Shouhong.Review of National Cultural Parks: Connotative Characteristics, Practical Progress and Theoretical Exploration[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(2):57-64. |
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