| 摘要: |
| 【目的】风景园林设计评论（landscape architecture criticism）是一个具有自主性、批判性的学术活动，该学术活动所产生的特定知识，可以令风景园林设计领域的学者和从业人员有效扩展设计实践所需要的知识广度和理论深度，风景园林设计评论也增进了全社会对风景园林设计的认知理解，是风景园林设计与社会各界之间形成共识的一座桥梁。【方法】通过图纸还原、访谈设计师本人、现场体验等方法，以日常性和仪式感这2个议题作为评论路径，对朱育帆近期的作品九寨景区林卡景观空间进行评论。【结果】与朱育帆其他纪念性景观的实践不同，探索如何建立一种日常性与仪式感之间的平衡与互动，是林卡景观空间设计的特殊之处。也正是这一特殊设计策略的介入，使得林卡景观空间不仅成为本地居民日常游憩的栖居之地，同时也成为激发到访者想象的朝圣场所。之后以林卡景观空间的2个核心部分——“林卡花园”与“经幡广场”为进一步讨论的对象，从动线、形式及材料3个研究范畴出发，探究了“寻觅日常”与“制造仪式”的具体操作方法。【结论】最终可以看到，对九寨场所精神的敏锐捕捉和克制的设计语言让林卡景观空间成为实然和应然、能动和受动的统一，并成为日常生活与精神想象的复合体。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 设计研究 风景园林评论 林卡景观空间 仪式感 日常性 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202210240598 |
| 分类号:TU985-5 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Everydayness Seeking and Ritual Creating: Review of Landscape Design in Linka Space in Jiuzhai Scenic Area |
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CAO Kaizhong
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Communication University of China
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] Landscape architecture criticism is a process in which scholars as third-party reviewers review the established practical works through specific academic perspectives and create knowledge in practice. This process is independent, critical and constructive. The specific knowledge generated by landscape architecture criticism can effectively expand the knowledge breadth and theoretical depth required by the design practice of scholars and practitioners in the field of landscape architecture design. Landscape architecture criticism can also enhance the cognitive understanding of the whole society on landscape architecture design, and serve as a bridge between landscape architecture design and the community that can help the two sides reach a consensus. Landscape architecture criticism can relate history and theory to the current practice, and thus promote the current design practice. With a focus on landscape architecture criticism, this research aims to carry forward the landscape architecture culture, guide the values of landscape architecture design, prosper the landscape architecture design and creation, enhance the understanding of the society on landscape architecture, and benefit the ideological discussion of contemporary Chinese landscape architecture through landscape architecture criticism. Finally, the research proposes to further create and cultivate a critical and experimental environment for contemporary landscape design practice. [Methods] There are different methods and paths for landscape architecture criticism. Taking Zhu Yufan’s recent works, “Linka Space in Jiuzhai Scenic Area”, as research object, this research, by means of drawing restoration, designer interview and field experience implements a landscape architecture criticism on the aforesaid works with the two issues of everydayness and ritual as criticism path. [Results] Different from Zhu Yufan’s previous works, the works of “Linka Space in Jiuzhai Scenic Area” establishes a balance and interaction between everydayness and ritual, which is a special design strategy of Linka space, making Linka space a place not only for daily recreation of local aborigines, but also for stimulation of visitors’ imagination. In the conventional practice of landscape architecture design, the research finds that the two methodologies are more likely to be singly rather than simultaneously applied to designs at different scales. The distinction between ritual and everydayness will make the site present two different trends: “Ritual creating” separated from everydayness is likely to transform the originally complex site problem into a formal problem, and even simplify the site problem into an abstract symbol. This simplification means a one-sided understanding of site complexity, and also means the loss of site possibilities. However, in the landscape design of “Linka Space in Jiuzhai Scenic Area”, the research finds a special design strategy. This strategy makes the relationship between ritual and the everydayness not a linear representation, but an interaction and complementation, which further nurtures the spirit of place in Jiuzhai Scenic Area without blocking other site possibilities. The research further discusses Linka Garden and Prayer Flag Square in an effort to, starting from the three pairs of relations of moving line, form and material, explore the implementation of the design strategy of “ everydayness seeking” and “ritual creating”. Although Linka Garden and Prayer Flag Square have different spatial attributes, they are not isolated “ plots”, and can associate uncertain behaviors with site development under specific circumstances. Imagine that if we only have Linka Garden here, it seems that we can’t feel the final surprise, but if we only have Prayer Banner Square, we will also feel a kind of inexplicable abruptness. The point that the research wants to make clear here is that Linka Garden and Prayer Flag Square are not only complementary in function, but also intertwined in atmosphere formed by everydayness and ritual. In the end, the research concludes that the sharp capture of the spirit of place in Jiuzhai Scenic Area and the restrained design language make Linka space the unity of reality and necessity and activity and reactivity, and the complex of daily life and spiritual imagination. [Conclusion] On the one hand, domestic landscape architects face a lot of practice opportunities, while on the other hand, they fail to present either indepth thinking or creative practice. The prosperity of landscape architecture practice reflects the infertility of landscape architecture design ideas. Obviously, the lack of landscape architecture criticism is one of the reasons for this, which entails landscape architecture criticism with in-depth thinking based on current practice. The emergence of such landscape architecture criticism can not only form an in-depth thinking and critical summary of the current landscape design practice within the discipline of landscape architecture, but also, more importantly, enable practitioners of landscape architecture design to regain practical creativity and spiritual freedom from routine and stereotyped operations by virtue of speculative and critical thinking. |
| Key words: landscape architecture research by design research landscape architecture criticism Linka space ritual everydayness |
