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| 长城国家文化公园（北京段）游憩服务评价与优化 |
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于淼, 许冬, 丁康, 李运远
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北京林业大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】开展长城国家文化公园游憩服务评价并提出优化指引策略，对保护传承长城文化资源、维护区域生态环境、带动周边旅游发展均具有突出意义和重要影响，可为长城国家文化公园高质量发展提供理论支撑。【方法】在文献研究的基础上，利用多源数据，运用ENVI 4.8和ArcGIS 10.5软件对长城国家文化公园（北京段）现有游憩服务水平进行综合评判，并依据评估结果提出优化发展指引。【结果】根据国家文化公园的内涵和特质丰富了文化性指标，构建了适用于长城国家文化公园的游憩服务评价体系，有效评估了现有游憩资源的游憩服务潜力和已有开发水平。结果表明：1）游憩潜力和游憩机会的空间分布具有一定的相关度，区域开发基本依托游憩资源现状，整体较为合理，但局部地区不匹配，特别是居庸路、黄花路、古北口和马兰路4个重点区域周边多为低潜力-高机会地区；2）游憩服务评价结果被量化到各乡镇后，呈现出与量化前不同的分析结果，游憩潜力与游憩机会较为匹配的乡镇仅11个，游憩潜力大于游憩机会的乡镇共12个，可考虑优先开发建设，剩余19个乡镇存在现有资源利用趋于饱和的现象；3）80%的现有游憩景点具备高游憩机会，景点周边基础设施建设较为完备，但仅有67.15%的现有游憩景点位于高潜力地区，存在游憩机会浪费现象。【结论】游憩服务评价结果可以揭示长城国家文化公园（北京段）现有70个景点、22个自然保护区和42个乡镇的游憩服务现状，帮助政府等建设主体了解区域整体发展状况，识别优先开发建设区域，合理制定优化发展策略。 |
| 关键词: 线型文化遗产 国家文化公园 游憩服务评价 游憩服务优化 长城 北京市 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202207120404 |
| 分类号:TU985.12 |
| 基金项目:北京市重点研发计划“基于生态效果提升的植物多种种植方式研究及示范”（编号D171100007117003） |
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| Evaluation and Optimization of Recreation Service in the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing Section) |
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YU Miao, XU Dong, DING Kang, LI Yunyuan
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Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] The evaluation of existing recreation service resources within the Great Wall National Cultural Parks and the optimization guidance strategy based on such evaluation are of notable significance and influence for protecting and inheriting cultural resources, maintaining the regional ecological environment, driving the development of tourism in the surrounding area, and providing theoretical support for the high-quality development of the Great Wall National Cultural Parks. [Methods] Based on the review of relevant literature, and the current status of the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing section), the research area, this research constructs a recreation service evaluation system applicable to the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing section), which involves fifteen indicators in five aspects. The research firstly conducts a comprehensive evaluation of recreation services in the research area based on multisource data and the ENVI 4.8 and ArcGIS 10.5 software, with the weighting vector being determined by the Delphi method and the entropy value method. Subsequently, the research analyzes the differences in distribution pattern of recreation services between different districts and towns, and explores the relationship between recreation services and existing attractions and nature reserves in terms of spatial distribution. Finally, the research proposes the guidelines for future construction and development to help the government and other construction entities understand the overall development status of the research area, and thus reasonably formulate optimized development strategies. [Results] 1) The naturalness of recreation is affected by the distribution of water resources, which is identified as significantly higher in the eastern and central parts of the research area than in the western part. The culturality of recreation tends to gather into patches, with high-value areas being concentrated along the Great Wall, almost all located within the protected areas under control. The difference in recreation aesthetics between districts is small, with high-value areas being concentrated on the slope toward the residential gathering place and on both sides of the road. The spatial distribution of recreation convenience and of recreation comfort are correlated to a certain extent, with high-value areas being concentrated in the connections between the central urban area and the four key areas of Juyong Road, Huanghua Road, Gubeikou, and Malan Road. 2) The spatial distribution of recreation potential and that of recreation opportunities are correlated to some degree, with high-value areas mostly concentrated in Pinggu district and Huairou district, and low-value areas mostly concentrated in Mentougou district; the current development essentially relies on existing recreation resources, which is reasonable overall, but less reasonable locally. For example, Changping district is featured by low potential but overdevelopment. High-potential and high-opportunity areas are concentrated along the Great Wall and around densely populated towns; high-potential and low-opportunity areas are the fewest compared with the remaining three categories, mostly concentrated in the mountainous areas around high-potential and high-opportunity areas, with the most scattered spatial distribution; low-potential and high-opportunity areas are mostly located between high-potential and high-opportunity areas and towns; low-potential and low-opportunity areas are concentrated in mountainous areas far away from residential gathering places. 3) The spatial distribution characteristics of township recreation potential and recreation opportunity are similar, both showing the trend of high-level townships concentrated in the central and western part of the city, the most prominent in Huairou district and Pinggu district. However, the spatial distribution of high-potential townships is more concentrated in the central part, and that of high-opportunity townships is concentrated in the four key areas of Juyong Road, Huanghua Road, Gubeikou, and Malan Road. There are eleven townships with matching recreation potential and opportunity, and twelve townships with greater opportunity. 4) Of the existing attractions, 80% have high recreation opportunities, and the infrastructure construction around the attractions is relatively complete, but only 67.15% of the attractions are located in high-potential areas, indicating that the existing attractions have a low proportion of high-quality recreation resources, and there is a waste of recreation opportunities. Twenty-two nature reserves are mostly located in areas with low potential and opportunities, predominantly because the nature reserves are mainly for the protection of natural resources, limiting the amount of tourists’ recreation. 5) According to the results of recreation service evaluation, the research proposes recreation service optimization strategies for the research area as a whole, and respectively for high-potential and high-opportunity areas, high-potential and low-opportunity areas, low-potential and high-opportunity areas, and low-potential and low-opportunity areas. Meanwhile, the research also proposes the guidelines for optimized development of the townships, attractions and nature reserves involved in the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing section) from the perspective of resource integration and integrated development. By enriching the cultural indicators of and building a recreation service evaluation system applicable to the Great Wall National Cultural Park, the research comprehensively evaluates the recreation service potential and current development level of existing resources, and accordingly reveals the current status of recreation service in existing attractions, nature reserves and townships, thereby proposing optimized strategies, and providing a scientific basis for the development of recreation resources and the improvement of recreation service capacity in the research area. [Conclusion] According to the connotation and characteristics of national cultural parks, the research constructs a recreation service evaluation system applicable to the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing section) based on the enrichment of cultural indicators to effectively evaluate the recreation service potential and current development level of existing resources, and reveal the current status of recreation services in existing attractions, nature reserves and towns, which can help the government and other construction entities understand the overall development status of the research area and reasonably formulate optimized development strategies. |
| Key words: linear cultural heritage national cultural park recreation service evaluation recreation service optimization the Great Wall Beijing |
| 引用本文: | 于淼,许冬,丁康,李运远.长城国家文化公园（北京段）游憩服务评价与优化[J].风景园林，2023，30（5）：108-116. |
| YU Miao,XU Dong,DING Kang,LI Yunyuan.Evaluation and Optimization of Recreation Service in the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing Section)[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(5):108-116. |
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