| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了反思城市景观变革及其理论成果与后工业景观发展之间的紧密联系，拓展现存后工业景观的研究内容和认知维度，并在理论与实践层面为中国后工业景观发展及其景观范式的形成提供参考。【方法】运用分类研究法和比较分析法，厘清批判理性主义方法下的美国景观都市主义和德国景观结构主义概念，在城市景观认知与重构的基础上，辨析两国后工业景观的异同。【结果】基于批判性城市景观比较分析，美国与德国后工业景观的共识性体现在城市景观变革下的系统性发展与多元范式两个方面，而后工业景观的内涵、核心要义、发展策略和规划设计特征则反映了它们之间所存在的巨大差异。【结论】综上所述，后工业景观作为一种重要的城市景观类型，可基于社会学视角下的城市景观变革拓展其系统性研究，在批判性综合认知的基础上不断挖掘后工业景观范式，继而形成独特的景观发展特征。 |
| 关键词: 城市社会学 城市景观 景观变革 后工业景观 工业废弃地 批判理性主义方法 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202212310748 |
| 分类号:TU986.6 |
| 基金项目:北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金（编号 X20029） |
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| Comparison of Post-Industrial Landscape Between the USA and Germany in the Context of Critical Reconstruction of Urban Landscape |
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LI Mengyixin
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] Throughout the world, iconic and typical post-industrial landscape in urban areas has become a research topic of great interest to landscape architects. American and German landscape architects have been major promoters and contributors to the theory and practice of post-industrial landscape, and are continuously deepening their perception and exploration of post-industrial landscape from multiple perspectives. In fact, although the conception of post-industrial landscape has manifested a diversified development trend, few studies have been conducted to systematically comparative analysis on the cognitive dimensions, basic connotations, core essentials, related laws and regulations, development strategies, and planning and design features of post-industrial landscape in both countries. Moreover, the comprehension of post-industrial landscape in a broad sense should not be limited to the spatial and temporal analysis of the transformation of industrial wastelands as well as the interpretation of specific ideas and methods of landscape planning and design, but a holistic understanding is expected to be formed in the critical reconstruction of urban landscape. Therefore, the research on the comparison of post-industrial landscape between the USA and Germany is established to reflect on the close connection between the transformation of urban landscape and the theoretical achievements thereof and the development of post-industrial landscape, to expand the research content and socio-cultural cognitive dimension of existing post-industrial landscape, and to provide systematic ideas for the development of post-industrial landscape in China and the formation of a landscape paradigm thereof at both theoretical and practical levels. [Methods] In the evolution of urban landscape as a real expression of the contemporary city, the defined urban image in the industrial era has been disrupted, and in the process of de-industrialization, urban derelict lands have emerged at multiple scales. In this context, landscape architects need to conduct the realignment and reconstruction of contemporary urban landscape connotations. Based on the reconstruction of urban landscape, this research defines a new concept of urban landscape from a sociological perspective, with the heterogeneous urban landscape being considered as a broad concept of space, and a complex product of social and spatial interactions. On this basis, the research, by the categorical research approach, clarifies the two concepts of American landscape urbanism and German landscape structuralism based on critical rationalism, laying the foundation for a critical analysis of urban landscape in the both countries. Furthermore, by the comparative analysis approach, the research identifies the consensus and difference between the two countries’ post-industrial landscape based on the perception and reconstruction of urban landscape. The consensus means that post-industrial landscape is detached from the local context thereof and gradually integrated into the global spatial flows of matter, energy, resources and services, while the difference indicates that diverse and specific social, cultural and ecological connotations are re-embedded in the transformation of the post-industrial landscape. [Results] Based on categorical research and comparative analysis, the research finds that the critical perception and reconstruction of urban landscape in the USA and Germany are reflected in the dynamic system of man-made spaces from the perspective of organic functionalism and in the understanding of social and spatial forms of nature beyond the infrastructure perspective. The process-oriented landscape urbanism featuring organic turn understands urban landscape reconstruction as the formation of a fluid ecological surface, while the form-oriented landscape structuralism featuring space in turn understands urban landscape reconstruction as the shaping of structural complexes. Based on the critical comparison of urban landscape, the consensus between the American and German post-industrial landscape is reflected in the systematic development and diverse paradigms of post-industrial landscape in the context of urban landscape transformation, while the basic connotations, core ideas, related laws and regulations, development strategies and planning and design features of post-industrial landscape reflect the great differences therebetween. [Conclusion] To sum up, as an essential type of contemporary urban landscape, post-industrial landscape can promote the evolution of urban landscape connotations, while serving as a crucial vehicle for developing human-nature-land relationships. The new perception of urban landscape from a sociological perspective can provide a holistic understanding of post-industrial landscape, which closely links the transformation of urban industrial wastelands with the critical reconstruction of urban landscape. In the context of urban landscape transformation, the American landscape urbanism and the German landscape structuralism have deeply influenced the systematic comprehension of post-industrial landscape by landscape architects in the USA and Germany. The exploration of diverse landscape paradigms can lead landscape architects to develop a continuous, dynamic and rational perception of post-industrial landscape, forming a unique landscape typology based on the collective wisdom and reflection. As to China, it is of utmost importance for future research to develop and refine the Chinese post-industrial landscape paradigm and search for a unique development path for post-industrial landscape. In conclusion, the aforementioned content worthy of continued exploration can not only serve as the key to the development of post-industrial landscape in the USA and Germany, but also provide some crucial ideas for China at both the theoretical and practical levels. |
| Key words: urban sociology urban landscape landscape transformation postindustrial landscape industrial wasteland critical rationalism approach |
