| 摘要: |
| [目的]伴随着快速城镇化的冲击和乡村经济、社会以及生活方式的重构剧变，传统的自上而下、以政府或设计师为主导的项目运行模式难以应对乡村公共空间多要素交叉关联与可持续更新发展的现实挑战。[方法]从乡村公共空间的本质和演化分析出发，以在马岔村及其村民活动中心项目开展的12年工作为例，对项目调研筹备、设计施工以及运营扶助全过程的经验与成效，以及多学科交叉和多元主体参与的组织模式进行了梳理和阶段总结。[结果]1）作为所有村民可共享共荣的物质载体，乡村公共空间的更新建设是重新激发和培养乡村社会自组织能力和动力的重要抓手与“催化剂”；2）建设的工作重心不能局限于物质空间的设计与施工，还应贯穿从研究筹备到运营使用的全过程，其中在专业力量支持下进行社区动员、适度引导和跟踪扶助尤为关键；3）如何突破专业和学科壁垒，在乡村建设过程中真正形成互补、互信、互助与互相成就的可持续协同机制和工作模式，依然是当前亟待多元探索的问题和应对的核心挑战。[结论]对马岔村12年建设历程的总结，为乡村公共空间更新建设提出了可供借鉴的经验与案例。同时针对中国乡村量大面广，其发展现状的多元差异性以及乡村公共空间多要素交叉作用的复杂性等问题，提出如何开展以点带面且因地、因人、因时而异的多元探索路径，建构乡村公共空间更新以及乡村可持续发展的方法论体系，仍是多学科深度融合协作的长期课题。 |
| 关键词: 乡村建设 公共空间更新 乡村社区 村民活动中心 乡村社区治理 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202302160071 |
| 分类号:TU982.29 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国传统村落保护发展的理论与方法研究”（项目编号：51938002） |
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| Collaborative and Accompanying Renewal of Rural Public Space: A Case Study of the Twelve-Year Development of Macha Village |
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MU Jun1, CHANG Zhuqing2, JIANG Wei1, LU Weiwei2
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1.Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture;2.Beijing Representative Office of Wu Zhi Qiao (Bridge to China) Charitable Foundation
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] This research aims to investigate the significance of renewing rural public spaces as a tool for promoting the sustainable development of rural communities in China. Specifically, the research examines the challenges encountered in the process of renewal, the interdisciplinary approach required, and the potential outcomes for rural social, cultural and economic advancement. [Methods] The research is based on a twelve-year engagement in the construction of Macha Village, during which a professional design team led by the author immerses itself in understanding the complexity of rural communities and the dynamics of public spaces. Through a combination of design experimentation, participatory workshop and collaborative practice, the team gains in-depth insights into the renewal and development of rural public spaces. [Results] The findings reveal three key aspects of the renewal of rural public spaces. Firstly, renewing rural public spaces is not the ultimate goal but rather a means to foster rural social, cultural and economic development. Given the challenges posed by rapid urbanization, particularly in western rural areas of China, there is a pressing need to revitalize the self-organizational dynamics and capacities of rural communities. Rural public spaces serve as an tangible resource shared by all villagers, and the renewal thereof serves as an important catalyst to reignite and cultivate rural social self-organization and motivation. By providing inclusive spaces for social interaction, cultural activities and economic initiatives, rural public spaces contribute to the formation of a sense of community, belonging and collective well-being. Secondly, the process of renewing and operating rural public spaces holds greater significance than the physical outcomes. It is essential to move beyond the mere design and construction of physical spaces and incorporate the entire process from research and preparation to operation and utilization. For rural public spaces with the attributes of public service and activity, the support of sociological expertise becomes crucial in terms of community mobilization, appropriate guidance and follow-up assistance especially given the lack of self-organizational dynamics. Such collaborative approach can enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of rural public spaces, enabling them to meet the diverse needs and aspirations of local communities. Thirdly, the research emphasizes the necessity of in-depth interdisciplinary collaboration. The dual nature of public (social) and space (physical) attributes and the complexity of the factors and mechanisms involved in rural public spaces necessitate the integration of multiple disciplines. Breaking down the barriers between different teams, institutions and organizations and establishing sustainable collaborative mechanisms and working models are the key challenges that demand multidimensional exploration and responses. Such interdisciplinary collaboration can give birth to holistic and context-sensitive solutions taking into account the diverse characteristics and contexts of rural areas. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the renewal of rural public spaces acts as a catalyst for sustainable rural development, which can revitalizes the self-organizational dynamics and capacities of rural communities while addressing the challenges brought about by urbanization. This research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that encompasses the entire renewal process from research and design to operation and utilization. By integrating sociological expertise and interdisciplinary collaboration, rural public spaces can become vibrant and inclusive hubs that foster social cohesion, cultural preservation, economic vitality and environmental sustainability. This research provides relevant insights and a methodological framework for renewing rural public spaces, in hope of promoting the sustainable development of villages with diverse contexts in China and even in other countries. The findings underscore the transformative potential of renewing rural public spaces beyond their physical manifestations. By recognizing the intrinsic connection between public spaces and social dynamics, communities can harness the power of inclusive design and collective participation to cultivate a sense of ownership and belonging. The collaboration between professionals and local residents plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the aspirations of rural communities and the design and implementation of public spaces. In light of the transformation of China’s urbanization patterns and the challenges faced by rural areas, the findings may offer valuable insights for policymakers, planners and design professionals involved in rural development initiatives. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of rural public spaces, stakeholders can adopt a proactive approach that emphasizes community engagement, cultural preservation, economic revitalization and environmental sustainability. Looking to the future, further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of renewing rural public spaces on rural communities’ well-being, social cohesion and economic prosperity. Additionally, comparative researches across different rural contexts can help identify contextual factors that influence the success of such interventions and inform tailored strategies for sustainable development. |
| Key words: rural construction public space renewal rural community village community center rural community governance |
| 引用本文: | 穆钧,常竹青,蒋蔚,录维维.协作陪伴式乡村公共空间更新——以马岔村十二年建设为例[J].风景园林，2023，30（8）：27-35. |
| MU Jun,CHANG Zhuqing,JIANG Wei,LU Weiwei.Collaborative and Accompanying Renewal of Rural Public Space: A Case Study of the Twelve-Year Development of Macha Village[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(8):27-35. |
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