| 摘要: |
| [目的]剩余空间是城市存量更新中具有特殊潜力的公共空间，具有数量多、分布泛、规模小、现状杂、效益低等特征，针对其复杂特征，多采用微更新模式进行优化。在实践中普遍面临空间物质性和社会性的耦合问题，从社会设计视角分析城市剩余空间问题本质，反思设计目的、主体、产物和过程的社会性，可提升微更新的理论认知和实践效果。[方法/过程]结合国内外理论研究和实践案例从认识论和方法论上同时展开思考：在认识论层面，剩余空间微更新需要设计者思考“为谁而设计”“与谁一起设计”和“由谁来设计”，理解在此过程中的价值导向、实践模式和自身角色；在方法论层面，剩余空间微更新需要设计者兼顾具体做法和整体策略，最终探索得出剩余空间微更新从空间设计迈向社会设计的路径。[结果/结论]城市剩余空间问题本质是社会网络不协作，需要依赖社会创新力量有针对性地进行社会网络修复。从认识论来说，设计者要围绕为公共利益而设计的价值导向，推动完善与多元参与主体一起设计的实践模式并把握自身作为辅助设计执行者的媒介角色。从方法论来说，剩余空间微更新需要在视野聚焦、方向把握、平台搭建和制度保障方面积极行动：1）关注真实与具体的日常生活；2）以“接近性”为空间设计的标尺；3）多元参与平衡空间利益；4）空间设计同步社会机制创新。 |
| 关键词: 城市更新 剩余空间 微更新 社会设计 公共空间 日常生活 接近性 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202212280729 |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目: |
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| From Spatial Design to Social Design: Epistemological and Methodological Discussions on Micro-renewal of Leftover Spaces |
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LI Jiamin, YANG Zhen
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Chongqing University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] China has entered a phase of rapid and extensive urban stock renewal. While the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China and other government departments propose that urban renewal should avoid large-scale demolition and construction in response to current progress, and they also propose that the scale and quality of urban public space should be actively increased, reflecting the ongoing pursuit of urban livability. However, the practice of increasing the scale of public space has revealed that there are fewer spatial resources available in built-up areas of cities, particularly in central areas, and new types of public spaces need to be actively developed. Among these, the leftover spaces are considered to be public spaces with special potential. While they have the advantages of being numerous, widely distributed and more closely linked to settlements, they are also often small in scale, mixed in status and low in effectiveness. In response to such complex characteristics, micro-renewal models are mostly used for optimization around the world. In practice, it has been found that due to the inadequacy of the planning system, the micro-renewal of leftover spaces still generally face the problem of coupling the physical and social aspects of space, especially the social benefit dimension. This is mainly due to the fact that there is still a lack of knowledge about the ontological characteristics of leftover spaces and the renewal thereof, which makes it difficult to balance multiple objectives at the practical level. This research analyzes the nature of the problem of urban leftover space from the perspective of social design, arguing that its social reflection on the purpose, subject, product and process of design can enhance the theoretical understanding and practical effect of the micro-renewal of leftover spaces. The concept of social design originated from Moholy Nagy’s initiative to establish a “parliament of social design” under the Bauhaus system in the 1940s, which actually emphasizes the front end of design practice, namely the correction of the value of design concept, indicating that design should have social attributes and should embrace social values and responsibilities. From this perspective, the design of public spaces and the renewal of leftover spaces are undoubtedly a social design practice, which should follow the concepts of social design. [Methods/Process] Starting from the essential interpretation of design with social design as an example, this research emphasizes the public properties of public spaces and leftover spaces, the design objects, focuses on social connotations, analyzes social network problems, and proposes social design solutions, thus contributing to the close integration of physical space design and social action. From the disciplinary perspective of social design, this research combines theoretical research and practical cases at home and abroad to reflect on both epistemology and methodology: at the epistemological level, the micro-renewal of leftover spaces requires des湩普牥潲浳†瑴牯愠摴楨瑩楮潫渠慡汢獵灴愠琜楷慨汯搠整獯椠杤湥瑩潧猠潦捯楲愝氬†搜敷獨楯杭渠ⱴ瀠畤獥桳摧敮猠楷杩湴敨爝猠瑮潤†瀠愜祷浯潭爠整愠瑤瑥敳湩瑧楮漠湢⁹琝漬†瑡桮敤†灵牮慤捥瑲楳捴慡汮Ɽ†楴湨湥漠癶慡瑬極癥攠慲湩摥獴潡捴楩慯汮愠獰灲敡捣瑴獩潥映獯灤慥瑬椠慡汮漠湴瑨潥汩潲朠祲慳湰摥摴敩獶楥朠湲灬牥潳挠敩獮猠ⱴ楥渠瑡牦潯摲略捳敡湤攠睰捯潣湥捳敳瀻琠獡ⱴ†湴敨睥†摭祥湴慨浯楤捯獬慧湩摣湬攠睬浶敥慬測猠Ɽ慳湩摧略汲瑳椠浮慥瑥敤氠祴瀠牢潡浬潡瑮散琠桳数楣湩湦潩癣愠瑰楲潡湣⁴潩晣瀠污慮瑤映潯牶浥獲慬湬搠獴祲獡瑴敥浧獩ⱥ琠桴畯猠瑸牰畬汯祲挠潴浨扥椠湴楲湡杮獦灯慲瑭楡慴汩牮攠湯敦眠慭汩睲楯琭桲獮潥捷楡慬氠摦攠獬楥杦湴ver spaces from spatial design to social design. Only by integrating knowledge and practice can social innovation and spatial intervention be carried out faster and better. [Results/Conclusion] From a social design perspective, this research finds that the essence of the urban leftover space problem lies in the non-collaboration of social networks and the need to rely on the power of social innovation for targeted social network repair. The analysis of literature allows for three conceptual reflections at the epistemological level: 1) design for the people, which means designers should focus on the value orientation of designing for the public welfare; 2) design with the people, which means designers should promote the improvement of the practice model of designing with multiple participants; 3) design by the people, which means designers should grasp their role as a medium to assist in the execution of design. These reflections require designers to pay further attention to the constitution of public stakeholders of leftover spaces, and the way(s) to divide the discourse power and to realize different interests. Based on case study, the research proposes four action suggestions at the methodological level. The micro-renewal of leftover spaces requires: 1) a focused vision, focusing on the real and concrete daily life; 2) a grasp of the direction, with “proximity” as the yardstick for spatial design; 3) a strong platform, with multiple participation to balance spatial interests; 4) institutional safeguards to synchronize spatial design with social mechanism innovation. Based on the above epistemological and methodological exploration, the research can help guide the transformatio |
| Key words: urban renewal leftover space micro-renewal social design public space daily life proximity |
