| 摘要: |
| [目的]探索城市历史公园遗产价值的构成要素与识别、保护尺度，能为公共园林遗产的价值识别与保护研究提供参考。[方法]从公共文化和城园统筹视角梳理城市历史公园的4项遗产价值（公共历史见证、公共关系建构、公共生活容载、公共审美育化）及遗产价值识别、保护的四重空间尺度（城区、地段、园区、园景）；建构出以营城脉络梳理、单元协同分析、场所层积解译、风貌特征考据为识别手段和以关联遗产串联、公共空间组构、记忆场景活化、审美逻辑呈显为保护措施的城市历史公园遗产价值识别、保护方法。[结果]以重庆市北碚公园为证例，识别出：1）城区尺度公园不同时期见证的公共历史事件与关联遗产对象；2）地段尺度公园与周边邻近空间单元社会组织关系和空间结构特征的变化过程；3）园区尺度公园自身场所空间结构与历史场景记忆的演变过程；4）园景尺度公园不同时期的标志性景观要素及其风貌特征与审美逻辑。[结论]城市历史公园具有场所公域性和价值公共性，基于公共文化视角的历史公园遗产价值多尺度识别与统筹保护，有助于突破针对公园空间本体与园艺艺术价值研究的视野局限，从公园与城市整体关联的角度拓展其遗产价值认知与保护活化的思路。 |
| 关键词: 城市历史公园 公共文化 价值识别 单元协同 场景活化 北碚公园 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202212050683 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“基于‘情境关联’的山地城市公园人群游憩行为时空分异特征与环境阻、引力机制研究”（编号 52108042）；重庆市社会科学规划项目“空间环境高质量发展期重庆山地城市公园游憩空间服务质效提升研究”（编号 2021NDYB090）；重庆市教委科学技术研究“山地城市公园公共服务绩效评价与优化方法研究——以重庆主城九区城市公园为实证案例”（编号 KJQN201800824） |
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| Multi-scale Identification and Coordinate Preservation of Heritage Values of Historic Urban Public Parks from the Perspective of Public Culture |
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XIAO Jing1, WU Guoyu1, LYU Yan1, CAO Ke2
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1.Chongqing University;2.Chongqing Technology and Business University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] Historic urban public parks are important functional units in urban area, and are public spaces used and constructed by urban citizens jointly. Compared with the privacy of the space of historic gardens, historic urban public parks are significantly featured by the publicness of their garden space. Since being established and used, historic urban public parks have been serving as an important functional space and public cultural place in the city. In terms of functional relevance, spatial openness and social influence, historic urban public parks are more closely correlated with the overall city and surrounding areas than other site heritage such as industrial heritage, campus heritage and historic block. Therefore, the identification and preservation of the heritage value of historic urban public parks need to be considered in a coordinated path through urban park connections. In 2017, the International Council on Monuments and Sites-International Federation of Landscape Architects (ICOMOS-IFLA) put forward the concept of “historic urban public parks” in the Document on Historic Urban Public Parks. In this context, the research on the identification and preservation of the value of existing historic gardens is showing a trend of integrating elite culture and public culture, and integrating garden-based perspective and city-garden correlation perspective, shifting from the analysis of historic and aesthetic characteristics of historic gardens to the analysis of multicultural issues and wide spatial scales. [Methods] For the reasons above, this research puts forward four heritage values (public history witness value, public relation construction value, public life carrying value, and public aesthetic cultivation value) and four spatial scales (regional scale, district scale, layout scale, and architecture scale) for identification and preservation of the heritage values of historical parks from the perspectives of public culture and city-garden correlation. On this basis, the research develops a method for multi-scale identification and coordinated preservation of heritage values of historic urban public parks, which takes city construction context combing, unit synergy analysis, site stratification interpretation, and style and feature research as value identification means, and value association heritage connection, public space reorganization, memory scene activation and aesthetic logic presentation as preservation measures. [Results] Taking Beibei Park in Chongqing as an example, the research identifies and analyzes the multi-scale character of landscape and values of Beibei Park in the evolution process thereof during the four historical stages of gorge area defense and self-governance period, Three Gorges township construction period, early stage of socialist construction, and the period after reform and opening-up, reveals the internal correlation logic between park construction and urban economic, social and cultural background in the above stages, and formulates corresponding preservation strategies. [Conclusion] Historic urban public parks are featured by the publicness of garden space (as a public recreational and gathering place in the city) and the publicness of heritage value (such as the value in construction and recording of urban public life, public aesthetics, and collective memory). The multi-scale identification and coordinated preservation of the heritage values of historic urban public parks from the perspective of public culture can help break through the limitations of traditional identification and preservation methods that focus on the spatial ontology and horticultural value of parks, thus expanding the understanding and preservation of parks from the perspective of overall park-city connection. |
| Key words: historic urban public park public culture value identification unit synergy scene activation Beibei Park |
| 引用本文: | 肖竞,吴国玉,吕妍,曹珂.公共文化视角下城市历史公园遗产价值的多尺度识别与统筹保护[J].风景园林，2023，30（8）：111-118. |
| XIAO Jing,WU Guoyu,LYU Yan,CAO Ke.Multi-scale Identification and Coordinate Preservation of Heritage Values of Historic Urban Public Parks from the Perspective of Public Culture[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(8):111-118. |
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