| 摘要: |
| 保护地分类系统是保护地管理体制建设的重要依据，也是保护地有效管理的重要基础。保护地管理目标分为生态、价值、功能、区域4种类型，针对中国保护地人地关系现实状况，基于管理目标的保护分为3种类型：绝对保护、严格保护、整体保护，对应3类保护地：生态保存地、国家公园和持续利用地3类，每一类保护地根据资源属性和保护要求细分为若干类管理类别。具有重要科研价值需要绝对保护或具有重要生态功能的保护地归类为生态保存地，具有保护与游憩双重功能的保护地归类为国家公园，具有历史延续的生产生活功能的社区景观保护地归类为持续利用地。生态保存地与持续利用地延续现行的管理体制，归属不变，国家公园整合了多类以保护与游憩为双重功能的保护地，需要重新建立一个机构实施统一管理—国家公园管理局。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 国家自然保护地 管理目标 分类体系 中国 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2017.07.0016.07 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点课题“中国国家公园管理规划理论及其标准体系研究”（编号14AZD107）；国家自然科学基金项目“基于风景园林的游憩规划设计标准规范研究”（编号51278347） |
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| Management Objectives Based on Category System of National Natural Protected Area in China |
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WU Cheng-zhao, LIU Guang-ning
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Tongji University
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| Abstract: |
| The classification system of protected areas is an important basis of management system construction and effective management of protected areas. According to the relation situation of human and land of protected areas, four types of management objectives may be divided: ecology, value, function and region objectives, there are three protection types to correspond with the objectives, and three types of protected areas can be classified: ecological preserve area, national park, sustainable use area, each protected area can be divided into some sub types of management by resource identity and special protection. Ecological preserve area is the type that has very important study value or important ecological function. National park is the type that has double functions: conservation and recreation. Sustainble-use area is the type that need traditional living and production activities to keep its cultural sustainability. The present system of management can be continually applied for ecological preserve area and sustainable use area. National park is a new type of protected area that integrated many different protected areas with same management objectives, so a new management system and administrative authority is needed, that is National Park Service of China. |
| Key words: landscape architecture national natural protected area management objective classification system China |
