| 摘要: |
| 城市人工植物群落的设计与管理中抑制场地自然力和群落演替过程，增加了维护成本的同时削弱了群落的生态功能，尊重场地自然力的城市自生植物群落具有良好的生态价值与潜力，但其外貌不被公众所接受。是否存在一种可行的群落设计方法，能够协调抑制自然力所付出的代价与尊重自然力带来的问题之间的矛盾？研究首先梳理尊重自然力对城市植物群落生态设计的启示：尊重自愈力，利用场地自生群落；尊重过程，将演替过程引入群落设计；尊重自然力，管理中减少除草。其次，提出解决矛盾的出路在于尊重自然力基础上，引入栽培植物对自生群落进行改良设计，重构新的种间关系平衡。最后，以“自愈力演替—人工改良—自然力演替—人工管理维护”的理论途径设计自愈力演替实验和自生群落改良设计实验，并在城市场地展开实验性研究。2年的观测结果表明，基于自然演替的改良设计途径可以有效协调“尊重自然力”的矛盾，显著提高群落的美学价值和物种丰富度，还能降低建植和维护成本。 |
| 关键词: 城市自生群落 尊重自然力 植物群落设计 群落改良 生态设计 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目：西北大中城市绿地—生境营造模式及适应性设计方法研究资助（编号51278410）；西咸新区沣西新城横向课题“西北地区生物滞留设施景观植物群落适宜性设计研究”（编号2017022）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目“西安市城市绿地生境营造及植物群落种植设计方法研究”（编号16JK1460） |
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| Respect for Natural Forces Inspired Urban Spontaneous Community Improvement Design Experiment |
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LI Cang-shuan, LIU Hui, CHENG Ai-yun, LI Meng-ke
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Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology
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| Abstract: |
| In the design and management of urban artificial plant communities, the inhibition of site natural forces and community succession process has increased the maintenance cost while weakening the ecological service function of the community. Urban spontaneous plants that respect the site’s natural forces have good ecological value and potential. Its appearance is not accepted by the public. Is there a feasible community design method that can coordinate the contradiction between the price of restraining natural forces and the problem of respecting natural forces? The study begins with combing the revelation of respecting the natural forces to the ecological design of urban plant communities: respecting self-healing power, using site spontaneous communities, respecting the process, introducing succession into the community design, respecting natural forces, and reducing weeding in management. Secondly, the solution to the contradiction lies in respecting the natural forces, introducing cultivated plants to improve the spontaneous community and reconstructing a balance between new species. Finally, the self-healing force succession experiment and spontaneous community improvement design experiment were designed based on the theoretical approach of “succession of self-healing - artificial improvement - natural force succession - manual management and maintenance”, and an experimental study was conducted on the urban site. The two-year observations show that the improved design approach based on natural succession can effectively coordinate the contradiction of “respect for natural forces”, significantly improve the aesthetic value and species richness of communities, and reduce the maintenance costs of planting, weeding and watering. |
| Key words: spontaneous urban vegetation respect nature force plant community design community improvement ecological design |
| 引用本文: | 李仓拴,刘晖,程爱云,李梦珂.尊重自然力启示下的城市自生群落改良设计实验[J].风景园林，2018，25（6）：58-63. |
| LI Cang-shuan,LIU Hui,CHENG Ai-yun,LI Meng-ke.Respect for Natural Forces Inspired Urban Spontaneous Community Improvement Design Experiment[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2018, 25(6):58-63. |
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