| 摘要: |
| “二战”后山地开发日益成为缓解城市建设用地短缺的重要途径，分析相关法规文本能有效地识别不同城市的山地管控目的和策略。现有研究集中于美国城市，但未能揭示各级政府之间的相互关系及其管理策略的变化趋势。以洛杉矶都市区为研究案例，系统分析相关市、县、州和联邦政府的44个山地规划方案、法规条例、设计导则和调研报告。研究发现这些政府部门大多优先考虑资源保护、公共安全和户外游憩3个管控目的，其管辖区域的海拔高度与其行政级别总体上呈正相关，但大多都介入了那些邻近中心城市的山地。按时间先后顺序，四级政府依次采取保护地、叠加分区和共治模式3类管控策略，工作方式趋于灵活和包容。洛杉矶经验对当代中国具有2方面启示意义：一是对现有的土地利用分区体系进行创新性调整，二是在各级政府部门与当地社区之间构建合作伙伴关系。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 山地开发 管控 洛杉矶 共治 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于绘图学的北京小西山道路文化景观遗产的分类、评价和管理研究”（编号31800607）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“北京小西山可持续发展模式研究”（编号BLX201710） |
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| Towards Co-governance: Regulating Hillside Development in Metropolitan Los Angeles |
|
LI Zheng
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Beijing Forestry University,
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| Abstract: |
| After World War II, hillside development has increasingly served as a critical approach to mitigate urban land shortages. The analysis of relevant regulatory documents proves efficient for identifying hillside regulation purposes and strategies of different cities. Focusing on cities in the United States, existing summary studies have failed to reveal the relationship between governments at various levels as well as the changing trends of their regulatory strategies. This paper presents a case study of metropolitan Los Angeles by systematically examining 44 hillside plans, ordinances, guidelines and studies collected from relevant city, county, state, and federal governments. The results show that the government agencies often give priority to three regulatory purposes, including ecological protection, public safety, and outdoor recreation. While their jurisdictional areas’ elevations generally have positive correlations with their administrative levels, most of these agencies have been intervening in the hillsides adjacent to urban centers. Chronologically, the four-level governments have taken three types of regulatory strategies, including protected areas, overlay zones, and co-governance, which tend to be flexible and inclusive. For China, the Los Angeles experience has two implications: one is to make creative adjustment to the existing system of land use zoning, and the other is to establish cooperative partnership between government departments at all levels and local communities. |
| Key words: landscape architecture hillside development regulation Los Angeles co-governance |
