| 摘要: |
| 针对村落人居环境研究过于注重村落本体的现状，以GIS的技术方法结合实地调研，选取梯田聚落所处的元江流域及典型样本大瓦遮河子流域为研究范围，探讨流域视野下人居环境空间的宏观与微观特征。结论如下：1）哀牢山区的崎岖山脉与密集水系造就了元江流域的格局，以水平、垂直特征奠定子流域尺度中梯田聚落的人居环境基础；2）大瓦遮河子流域的人居环境以“典型山地本底、帚状水系关联”为共性，在中低山区形成“面状森林核心、村落散布周边、旱地梯田混合”的彝族聚落区，在中山区形成“面状梯田核心、村落环绕周边、带状森林围合”的哈尼族聚落区，二者差异源自不同民族适应垂直分异效应的差异化农作策略；3）流域是人居环境研究的基本单元，超越村落本体之外的流域视野对复杂地理环境中的人居环境研究具有重要价值与普遍意义。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 流域视野 梯田聚落 人居环境 元江流域 空间特征 大瓦遮河 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2019.12.0034.07 |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 41761115，51668068） |
|
| Spatial Characteristics of Human Settlements in Terraces from the Perspective of Watershed: A Case Study of Yuanjiang River Basin |
|
LIU Yang, YANG Yuliang*, JIAO Yuanmei
|
|
Yunnan Normal University
|
| Abstract: |
| At present, too much attention has been paid to villages in the study of village human settlement environment. To address the situation, this study, based on the GIS technical method and field investigation, selects the Yuanjiang River basin where the terraced settlements are located, and the Dawazhe River sub-basin as a typical sample, to explore the spatial macro and micro characteristics of human settlements in the drainage basin. It reaches the conclusions as follows: 1) The rugged mountains and dense water systems in Ailao Mountain area have created the pattern of the Yuanjiang River basin. It has laid the foundation for human settlements of terraced areas in the sub-basin scales with the horizontal and vertical dimensions. 2) The living environment of the Dawazhe River sub-basin takes the general characteristics of “typical mountain background, connected with broom-shaped water system”. It has formed the Yi settlement area in the middle and low mountainous areas, with “faceted forests as the core, villages scattered around, and mixture of dryland and terraces”. And it has formed the Hani settlement area in the middle mountain area, with “faceted terraces as the core, villages scattered around, and enclosure of belt forests”. The difference between the two stems from the differentiated farming strategies in which different ethnic groups adapt to the vertical differentiation effect. 3) Watershed is the basic unit of human settlements research. The watershed vision beyond the villages themselves is of great value and universal significance to the study of human settlements in complex geographical environment. |
| Key words: landscape architecture watershed vision terraced settlements human settlements Yuanjiang River basin spatial characteristics Dawazhe River |
| 引用本文: | 刘阳,杨宇亮*,角媛梅.流域视野下梯田聚落的人居环境空间特征——以元江流域为例[J].风景园林，2019，26（12）：34-40. |
| LIU Yang,YANG Yuliang*,JIAO Yuanmei.Spatial Characteristics of Human Settlements in Terraces from the Perspective of Watershed: A Case Study of Yuanjiang River Basin[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2019, 26(12):34-40. |
|
