| 摘要: |
| 东西方因思维方式所导致的自然保护地文化特征存在很大差异，中国自然保护地体系建设不能完全模仿西方经验。首先分析东西方思维方式的差异和当前中国建立自然保护地体系的政策背景，并明确东西方自然保护地建设存在诸多差异这一事实，确认了东西方自然保护地文化特征比较研究的必要性。随后，从环境观差异和保护地文化内涵差异两方面切入，对东西方自然保护地文化特征进行了比较研究。研究认为东方环境观倾向于认为物质蕴含精神、文化与自然相互交融、渗透，而西方则持二元论观点；且东方国家有许多具有国家文化象征意义的自然环境被指定为自然保护地，这与西方国家追求荒野或蕴含的地方文化特征不同。最后，结合东北亚其他国家（日本、韩国和朝鲜）自然保护地文化特征保护的实践经验，基于文化差异视角，从三方面对中国特色自然保护地体系建设提出建议。 |
| 关键词: 自然保护地体系 文化特征 文化意义 保护地管理分类 双遗产 东西方对比 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.03.0024.05 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research on Comparison of Cultural Features in Protected Areas between the East and the West |
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XIE Yefeng1, WU Bihu1, ZHANG Yujun2
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1.Peking University;2.Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| The cultural features of protected areas of the East and the West have significant differences due to their distinct ways of thinking. China’s protected area system should not simply copy the western experience. Firstly, we analyze the different ways of thinking between the East and the West, and the policy background of the current protected area system in China, and confirm the tremendous distinctions between China and the Western countries in protected areas. From the perspective of environmental philosophies and cultural meanings of protected areas, we compare the differences of cultural features in protected areas between the East and the West. We propose that the Easterners tend to hold the view that material and spirit are never separate from each other, and so are the culture and nature. In contrast, the Cartesian Westerners differentiate the material and the spiritual. The discoveries indicate that in Eastern countries, many natural places with national cultural significance are designated as protected areas. This national cultural significance of the Eastern countries’ protected areas discriminates the East from the cultural significance of protected areas in Western countries, when they are more concerned about wilderness or local/indigenous cultures. Finally, in reference to the practical experience of cultural features conservation in protected areas of Japan, South Korea and North Korea, and from a cultural difference perspective, we present three suggestions for further establishment of China’s protected area system. |
| Key words: protected area system cultural feature cultural significance protected area management category world nature and culture heritage comparison on east and west |
| 引用本文: | 谢冶凤,吴必虎,张玉钧.东西方自然保护地文化特征比较研究[J].风景园林，2020，27（3）：24-28. |
| XIE Yefeng,WU Bihu,ZHANG Yujun.Research on Comparison of Cultural Features in Protected Areas between the East and the West[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2020, 27(3):24-28. |
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