| 摘要: |
| 历史上，瘟疫让人类付出了惨痛代价。但是疫情过后，人们不断反思、改进，加强各个领域的建设，也给城市、公共卫生、园林等领域的发展带来了一定的机遇。在应对城市重大公共卫生事件的过程中，英国同许多国家一样遭遇了毁灭性打击，同时又具有特殊性，产生了许多影响世界城市和风景园林历史发展进程的特殊因素。选取英国历史上黑死病和霍乱两次重大公共卫生事件，采用历史文献分析方法，从瘟疫产生的背景、危害和瘟疫后城市公共卫生、风景园林发展两个方面展开探讨，重点关注瘟疫如何促进城市重建与发展，引发公共卫生领域的改革以及产生对风景园林的影响。认为瘟疫是一把自然生态的双刃剑，反推了城市公共卫生的建设，促进了环境和公共空间的立法。应对瘟疫从某个侧面推动了景观公正性的发展，让人们重新审视了人与自然的关系。以期为城市应对重大公共卫生事件提供经验和参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公共卫生 瘟疫 黑死病 霍乱 城市公园 景观公正性 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.04.0101.05 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金（编号 18YJC760146）；北京市共建项目；北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展引导专项基金（编号 2019XKJS0317） |
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| Pestilence, Urban Public Health and Landscape Architecture: Impacts of Two Severe Infectious Diseases on Urban Public Health and Landscape Architecture in British History |
|
ZHAO Jing
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Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| In history, the pestilence cost mankind dearly. But after the epidemic outbreak, people constantly reflected, improved and strengthened construction in various fields. This brought considerable opportunities for the development of cities, public health and landscape. In the process of dealing with major urban public health events, Britain, like many countries, suffered devastating attacks. It also had its own particularity, which resulted in many special factors to affect the historical development process of world cities and landscape architecture. In this paper, we select two infectious disease events in the British history, namely the Black Death and Cholera, to review the impacts of pestilence on urban reconstruction, public health reform and landscape architecture development. It proposes that pestilence is a double-edged sword of natural ecology, which reverses the construction of public health and promotes the legislation of environment and public space. The response to the pestilence has promoted the development of landscape justice from one aspect, and made people reexamine the relationship between man and nature. It will provide experience and reference for cities to respond to major public health events. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban public health pestilence Black Death Cholera city park landscape justice |
