| 摘要: |
| 现代社会中的儿童缺乏在自然环境中的游戏，这不仅剥夺了他们游戏的权利，而且导致了诸多健康问题，例如感官能力的退化、注意力集中困难，以及身体和情感疾病的高发率。游乐场树木可以在促进城市中幼儿的健康和发育方面发挥重要作用。对美国城市户外游乐场树木及绿化对儿童游戏行为及户外游戏时间的影响进行探讨，记录了2个最近的比较案例研究。研究Ⅰ比较了华盛顿特区的2个绿化程度不同的游乐场。根据游戏观察量表，利用地理信息系统技术（GIS）对185名儿童的游戏行为进行了观察和记录。研究Ⅱ比较了俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨市一个主题儿童公园的2个户外游乐场，并跟踪记录了94名儿童的游戏行为。结果表明，儿童的游戏行为因年龄和性别群体而异。自然环境和树荫对儿童的社交、认知和自由游戏行为有显著影响。在有足够树荫的游乐场中，各个年龄组的儿童均表现出最高级别的游戏行为，尤其是社交游戏和规则性游戏。针对6~12岁的儿童，树荫与更长的户外游戏时间显著相关。考虑到性别和年龄是重要的影响因素，容纳不同儿童群体的设计可以使游乐场被高效使用。研究验证了现场观察、光探测和测距技术（Lidar）和GIS结合的复合型研究方法的有效性。强调了游乐场设计特点在塑造儿童游戏行为中的重要作用，并呼吁关注儿童在游戏过程中的热舒适性。 |
| 关键词: 以自然为基础的游乐场 健康益处 社交游戏 认知游戏 观察性研究 地理信息系统 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.09.0063.14 |
| 分类号:TU986.2 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Playground Trees’ Impacts on Children’s Play Behaviors and Well-being |
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(GEO) Mariami Maghlakelidze1, JIANG Shan2, SONG Yang3, LI Dongying3, LI Xiaojie4
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1.Local Office Landscape and Urban Design;2.West Virginia University;3.Texas A & M University;4.Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| Children in modern societies are experiencing a lack of play in natural settings, which leads to not only play deprivation but also health issues such as the diminished use of the senses, attention difficulties, and higher rates of physical and emotional illness. Playground trees can play a vital role in promoting the health and developmental benefits for young children in cities. This study aimed to examine the impacts of trees and greenery of urban outdoor playgrounds on children’s play behaviors and outdoor play time in the United States. Two recent comparative case studies were documented. Study I compared two outdoor playgrounds in Washington, DC, with different levels of access to nature. Following the Play Observation Scale, 185 children’s play behaviors were observed and mapped through the Geographic Information System (GIS). Study II compared two outdoor playgrounds in a themed children’s park in the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, in which 94 children’s play behaviors were tracked and observed. Findings indicated that children’s play behaviors varied by age and gender groups. The presence of nature and tree shade could significantly impact children’s social, cognitive, and free play behaviors. Playgrounds with sufficient tree shade predict the highest level of play behaviors in children from all age groups, especially social play and games with rules. Tree shade is also associated with longer outdoor play time, particularly for the 6 to 12 years age group. Considering gender and age as significant moderators, playground design that accommodates different groups of children could improve playground efficiencies. This research tested the effectiveness of a mixed-method research protocol of combining site observations with Lidar and GIS analytics. The findings highlighted the important roles of playgrounds’ design characteristics in shaping children’s play behaviors and called attention to the thermal comfort of children during play. |
| Key words: nature-based playground health benefits social play cognitive play observational study GIS |
| 引用本文: | （格鲁尼亚）玛丽亚米·马格莱克利兹,姜珊,宋阳,黎东莹,李晓捷.游乐场树木对儿童游戏行为及健康的影响[J].风景园林，2020，27（9）：63-76. |
| (GEO) Mariami Maghlakelidze,JIANG Shan,SONG Yang,LI Dongying,LI Xiaojie.Playground Trees’ Impacts on Children’s Play Behaviors and Well-being[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2020, 27(9):63-76. |
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