| 摘要: |
| 基于环境舒适度的理论扩展和街景大数据的应用实践，在城市尺度下对北京和上海2座城市的街景在舒适度感知、影响舒适度的元素以及城市间街景舒适度分布差异方面进行探讨。采用图像语义分割技术，依据街景元素构成特征，通过聚类方法对其进行分类，而后通过网络问卷收集街景舒适度的主观评价。通过相关性分析及数据对比，成功建立了人们对于街景的舒适度感知与客观街道环境元素之间的联系，并区分出对舒适度具有积极和消极影响作用的街景元素；通过将舒适度评价结果在城市空间中进行映射，来反映不同城市之间、城市内部不同区域之间的舒适度分布情况及差异。结果显示北京和上海的街道中的“地形起伏”，均可增强行人的舒适度，而“墙”在2个城市街道中对街道舒适度的作用相反。与以往研究不同的是，“植物”并未显示出对街景舒适度明显的促进作用。就舒适度在城市中的分布来看，北京、上海的老城区舒适度均较低，北京大部分舒适度较低的街道多集中于二环以内的历史性街区，而上海街道的舒适度分布则未呈现出明显规律。基于街景视觉特征的分类方法，归纳总结针对不同类型街道舒适度提升的规划设计建议，为未来能够进一步形成更加精细化、多维度的街景分类标准探索了新的可能。 |
| 关键词: 街景舒适度 大数据 城市尺度 空间映射 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.01.0053.07 |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51678417，51808393） |
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| Evaluation and Comparison of Streetscape Comfort in Beijing and Shanghai Based on A Big Data Approach with Street Images |
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SHAO Yuhan1, YIN Yuting2, XUE Zhenying1
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1.Tongji University;2.University of Sheffield
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| Abstract: |
| This study sets out from the extension of environmental comfort theory and the practical application of big data approach using city-scale streetscape images. The streetscape comfort in Beijing and Shanghai, and the comfort-relevant street indicators are investigated. The difference of streetscape comfort between cities were discussed in this paper as well. The image semantic segmentation was adopted to classify the street images according to their constituent attributes, and then the subjective evaluation of streetscape comfort was collected by online questionnaire. Through the correlation analysis, the relationship between users' perceived comfort and objective street features was successfully established. This study also managed to identify street indicators with positive and negative effects on streetscape comfort. By mapping the evaluation result of comfort in urban space, the difference of comfort perception between Beijing and Shanghai, and between different regions within these cities were reflected. The result shows that the terrain can improve the streetscape comfort in both Beijing and Shanghai, while the wall shows different effects between these cities. The plant have no noticeable effect on improving the streetscape comfort which is different with previous studies. In terms of the distribution of comfort, the streetscape comfort in the old urban areas of Beijing and Shanghai is relatively low. Most of the streetscape with low comfort in Beijing are concentrated in the historic districts within the second Ring Road, while the distribution of comfort in Shanghai streets does not show an obvious rule. This study provides practical suggestions for optimizing the the streetscape comfort in Beijing and Shanghai and explored new possibilities for forming a more refined and multi-dimensional classification standard of street images in the future. |
| Key words: streetscape comfort big data urban scale spatial mapping |
| 引用本文: | 邵钰涵,殷雨婷,薛贞颖.基于街景大数据的北京、上海街景舒适度评价及比较[J].风景园林，2021，28（1）：53-59. |
| SHAO Yuhan,YIN Yuting,XUE Zhenying.Evaluation and Comparison of Streetscape Comfort in Beijing and Shanghai Based on A Big Data Approach with Street Images[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2021, 28(1):53-59. |
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