| 摘要: |
| 城市公园作为一种重要的公共空间，除了基于交通（距离、时间、成本）的可达性外，视觉可达性是度量居民对公园心理感知的重要内容。针对公园周边地区复杂的建筑布局和高低错落关系，考虑地面高程、建筑高度、建筑朝向、距离远近和视野开阔性等信息，构建了视觉可达性模型。以视线是否可达、视觉的清晰度和公园的暴露度等指标为基础，开发了二维平面视觉可达性（V2D）和三维空间视觉可达性（V3D）评估方法和实现过程。以重庆市沙坪公园为例，对距离公园边界1 000 m的区域进行了实证研究，通过实地对比，发现视觉可达性与现实的视觉感受一致，说明该方法是可行的。相比V2D，V3D考虑了建筑布局、高度和朝向，评价结果能更客观、精确地测度视觉可达性的空间分布。评估视觉可达性为研究城市公园的综合可达性提供新的思路，为提升城市公园布局的合理性及公平性提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公园 视觉可达性 评估方法 清晰度 公园暴露度 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.01.0093.06 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51978091，51778077） |
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| A Method of Evaluating Visual Accessibility to Urban Parks |
|
HAN Guifeng, LU Yurong
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Chongqing University
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| Abstract: |
| Urban parks are essential open spaces for citizens. The accessibility is an important index to measure their perception of urban parks. However, most of the current studies are based on traffic accessibility (distance, time or cost) rather than the visual one. For this reason, visual accessibility is established in the areas around the urban parks, considering the ground elevation, building height, building orientation, distance to the parks, and views of the park. The concept of visual accessibility is put forward and the method is also developed to evaluate the visual accessibility including two-dimension visual accessibility (V2D) and three-dimension visual accessibility (V3D) in the areas around urban parks based on whether the sight line can reach the urban parks, the visual clarity and the exposure of the urban parks. Taking the Shaping Park in Chongqing as an example, this research calculates the visual accessibility within 1,000 meters around the park with the ArcGIS. The field survey shows that the calculation results with this method are consistent with the reality, suggesting that this method is feasible. Compared with V2D, V3D is more objective and accurate as it takes into account the building layout, height and orientation. Evaluating visual accessibility is a new idea in the study of comprehensive accessibility of urban parks, which is conducive to assessing the service efficiency of urban parks and provides a scientific basis for improving the rationality and fairness of urban parks. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban park visual accessibility evaluation method visual clarity park exposure |
