| 摘要: |
| 城市公共园林是城市中一类重要的公共空间，是城市整体的有机组成部分。历史上的公共园林是现代城市公园产生的基础，早期的城市公共园林的萌芽和发展经历了漫长的过程。首先，结合实例，梳理和归纳了城市公园雏形，并总结为3类，即私人宅园面向公众开放、城市公共空间的转化，以及城市中由私人直接设计建造的城市公园；其次，分析了城市公园出现的原因及其驱动力，包括启蒙运动与民主思想的推动、空气污染与居住环境恶化、法令法案的政策影响、学者倡导及理论研究的促进等；最后，阐述了城市公园的发展。从“公共性”视角，回顾西方城市公园从萌芽、出现到发展的过程，园林逐步开放，不再只为少数权贵阶层服务，逐渐面向普通大众，考虑每一个民众的利益，彰显了社会的公平和进步。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公园 公共园林 公共性 雏形 发展 驱动力 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.03.0121.05 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金（编号 18YJC760146）；城乡生态环境北京实验室资助北京市共建项目；2018 年北京林业大学建设世界一流大学（学科）和特色发展引导专项师资队伍建设项目 |
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| Research on the Prototype and Development of Western Urban Public Parks from the Perspective of “Publicity” |
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ZHAO Jing1, FU Fan2, CHEN Ran1
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1.Beijing Forestry University;2.Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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| Abstract: |
| Urban public park, an important type of public space, is an integral part of a city as a whole. Historical public parks were the basis for the emergence of modern urban parks, and the early urban public parks experienced a long process of germination and development. This research analyzes the sources of the prototype of urban parks through specific instances and summarizes them into three categories, which are the private parks open to the public, the transformation of urban public space and the urban parks directly designed and constructed by individuals in a city. It analyzes the emergence of urban parks and their driving forces, including the promotion of the enlightenment and democracy, air pollution and the deterioration of the living environment, the policy impact of legislative acts, the advocacy of scholars and the promotion of theoretical researches. Finally, it explains the development of urban parks. From the perspective of “publicity”, the article reviews the process of the emergence and development of western urban parks. With the gradual opening of the gardens, it no longer only serves a small number of powerful classes, but gradually faces the general public, taking into account the interests of everyone, and demonstrating the fairness and progress of society. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban park public park publicity prototype development driving force |
| 引用本文: | 赵晶,傅凡,陈然.“公共性”视角下西方城市公共园林的雏形及发展研究[J].风景园林，2021，28（3）：121-125. |
| ZHAO Jing,FU Fan,CHEN Ran.Research on the Prototype and Development of Western Urban Public Parks from the Perspective of “Publicity”[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2021, 28(3):121-125. |
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