| 摘要: |
| 能源转型是实现碳达峰与碳中和目标的必然路径，但发展风能等可再生能源也会造成土地利用冲突、生物多样性丧失、景观质量下降等问题。中国的景观规划中对风能发展的负面影响考虑不足，评估相关风险的方法缺少系统分析。以德国为例，系统分析了德国景观规划中风能利用的相关策略方法。研究发现德国景观规划在实现法定目标能源量要求的同时，能够兼顾自然保护和景观维护目标。首先采用情景假设方法，结合空间分析确定潜在利用区域；其次利用AIGILaP模型、问卷调查、眼动追踪等方法评估风能利用和景观规划目标的潜在冲突，得出自然保护导向下风力涡轮机空间布局的最优方案。德国景观规划经验为中国提供了新思路：1）在规划到实施的全生命周期中贯彻景观保护理念；2）从未来情景假设中反思当下发展困境；3）结合公众认知完善空间模型，让景观规划在解决风能发展问题的同时真正服务于人的需求。 |
| 关键词: 碳达峰 碳中和 景观保护 AIGILaP 模型 眼动追踪 情景假设 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.05.0052.07 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（编号 BLX201942） |
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| Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Landscape Planning in the Context of Carbon Neutrality |
|
XU Fang
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Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| Energy transformation is an inevitable path to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. However, the development of renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, may cause problems such as land use conflict, biodiversity loss and landscape quality deterioration. In China’s landscape planning, the negative impacts of wind energy development fail to be fully considered, and the methods for assessing relevant risks typically lack systematic analysis. Taking Germany as an example, this research systematically analyzes the strategies and methods for wind energy utilization in German landscape planning. It is found through the research that German landscape planning can well satisfy the statutory expected requirements for target energy volume while achieving its nature conservation and landscape maintenance goals. The research firstly adopts the scenario hypothesis method to identify potential utilization areas in combination with spatial analysis. After that, it adopts such methods as AIGILaP model, questionnaire survey and eye tracking to assess potential conflicts between wind energy utilization and landscape planning objectives, obtaining the optimal scheme for spatial layout of wind turbines under the guidance of nature conservation. The research believes that German landscape planning experience can provide the following new ideas for China: 1) implement the concept of landscape protection in the whole life cycle from planning to implementation; 2) reflect on the present development dilemma from future scenario hypothesis; 3) improve spatial models in combination with public cognition, so as to make landscape planning well serve the needs of people while solving the problem of wind energy development. |
| Key words: carbon peaking carbon neutrality landscape conservation AIGILaP model eye tracking scenario hypothesis |
