| 摘要: |
| 传统村落作为历史的见证和文化传承的载体，是传统文化遗产的重要组成部分。针对黄土高原传统村落如何保护与发展的问题，选取13个典型样本进行田野调查，并结合方志等历史资料，以村落典型三生空间特征为切入点，综合运用归纳法与空间分析法等，总结黄土高原（陕西）传统聚落的6种典型三生空间模式，分别是沿塬望河式、背山面河式、卧塬望山式、沉坑藏林式、临水拥塬式及靠山面水式。进一步总结人地互动过程中前人遵循的“藏隐”“巧借”“活用”3条内在规律，并从防灾避险、便宜生活、利于生产、俯仰风景及人地关系的角度提出了5条传统村落选址营建的内在法则与智慧。对继承与发展传统乡村文化遗产、探索与挖掘黄土高原地域风景营建传统和生态人居智慧具有积极意义。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 黄土高原 传统村落 三生空间模式 风景营建 传统智慧 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.07.0118.06 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:陕西省教育厅重点实验室科学研究计划（编号 21JS028） |
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| “Production-Living-Ecological” Space Pattern of Traditional Villages on the Loess Plateau (Shaanxi) |
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YANG Jianhui, ZHOU Tianxin, NIE Zhen, XING Panjun
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Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology
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| Abstract: |
| As a historical witness and a carrier of cultural inheritance, traditional villages are an important part of traditional cultural heritage. Aiming at the problem of how to protect and develop traditional villages on the Loess Plateau, this research selects 13 typical samples for field investigation and, in combination with historical materials such as local chronicles, summarizes 6 typical production-living-ecological space patterns of traditional villages on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi by such methods as induction and spatial analysis, with the typical production-living-ecological spatial characteristics of traditional villages as the entry point. The key 6 patterns include overlooking river along plateau, facing river with back to mountain, overlooking mountain on plateau, hiding in deep pits surrounded by woods, embracing plateau at waterside, and facing water against mountain. Furthermore, the research summarizes the 3 internal laws of “concealment” “tactful reference” and “flexible use” previously observed in the process of human-land interaction, and proposes 5 internal rules and wisdom for the location and construction of traditional villages from the perspectives of emergency and disaster prevention, life convenience and comfort, production facilitation and landscape layout, human-land relationship, thus positively contributing to the inheritance and development of traditional rural cultural heritage, as well as the exploration and excavation of tradition and ecological human settlement wisdom during the construction of regional landscape on the Loess Plateau. |
| Key words: landscape architecture Loess Plateau traditional village production-living-ecological space pattern landscape construction traditional wisdom |
| 引用本文: | 杨建辉,周天新,聂祯,邢盼军.黄土高原（陕西）传统村落典型三生空间模式[J].风景园林，2022，29（7）：118-123. |
| YANG Jianhui,ZHOU Tianxin,NIE Zhen,XING Panjun.“Production-Living-Ecological” Space Pattern of Traditional Villages on the Loess Plateau (Shaanxi)[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2022, 29(7):118-123. |
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