| 摘要: |
| 广东省梅州市作为广东客家文化核心区，其传统聚落景观承载着客家文化的重要特质。其中，丰顺县是梅州市内海拔高差最大、地形类型最丰富的县，充分体现山地丘陵客家聚落的景观特征。基于山地丘陵地区的地形分异特征，利用地理学、农业学和风景园林学等跨学科研究方法，结合地理信息系统（GIS）技术对其进行信息叠加和对比分析，研究不同地形聚落中的选址分布、产业选择和发展进程等规律，探讨山区内不同地形的“三生”景观空间差异化。研究表明：山地丘陵聚落景观的多样性主要受到海拔高度和地形条件的相互影响，因此将聚落景观分为平原稻果兼作型、河谷稻林兼作型、丘陵稻烟果兼作型和山间茶稻兼作型4种类型，并从产业类型选择、景观要素组合和山地适应性民居3方面总结聚落形态的差异及其变化的规律，可为类似传统聚落研究提供指导，也可为传统聚落现代转译过程中如何保留和传承生态智慧提供启示。 |
| 关键词: 山地丘陵聚落 地形分异 客家聚落景观 山地适应性 聚落景观特征 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.07.0124.08 |
| 分类号:TU982.29 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51978275） |
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| Analysis on Characteristics of Hakka Settlement Landscape in Fengshun County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province Based on Topographic Differentiation |
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PAN Ying, YE Dan, SHI Ying
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South China University of Technology
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| Abstract: |
| Meizhou City is the core area of Hakka culture in Guangdong Province where the traditional settlement landscape can well embody the critical characteristics of Hakka culture. Specifically, as the county with the maximum elevation discrepancy and the most abundant topographic patterns in Meizhou City, Fengshun County can fully reflect the characteristics of Hakka settlement landscape in mountainous and hilly areas. In combination with the topographic differentiation characteristics of mountainous and hilly areas, this research adopts an interdisciplinary research method involving such disciplines as geography, agriculture and landscape architecture, and the GIS technology for information overlaying and comparative analyses to analyze such aspects as location distribution, industry selection and development process of settlements with different topographies in mountainous and hilly areas, and to explore the spatial differentiation of production-living-ecological landscape. It is found out that the diversity of settlement landscape in mountainous and hilly areas is mainly influenced by the interaction between elevation and topographic conditions. Accordingly, this research has settlement landscape divided into the following four types: cultivation landscape integrating paddy field and orchard in plain areas, cultivation landscape integrating paddy field and economic forest in river valley areas, cultivation landscape integrating paddy field, tobacco garden and orchard in hilly areas, and cultivation landscape integrating paddy field and tea garden in mountainous areas. Based on these, the research summarizes the differences between and change laws of settlement patterns from such aspects as industry type selection, landscape element combination and dwelling adaptability in mountainous areas which can provide guidance for similar researches on traditional settlements and inspirations for the retention and inheritance of eco-wisdom during the modern translation of traditional settlements. |
| Key words: mountainous and hilly settlements topographic differentiation Hakka settlement landscape mountain adaptability characteristics of settlement landscape |
| 引用本文: | 潘莹,叶丹,施瑛.基于地形分异的广东省梅州市丰顺县客家聚落景观特征分析[J].风景园林，2022，29（7）：124-131. |
| PAN Ying,YE Dan,SHI Ying.Analysis on Characteristics of Hakka Settlement Landscape in Fengshun County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province Based on Topographic Differentiation[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2022, 29(7):124-131. |
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