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| 健康行为决策促进的街道绿化精准改造 |
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金伊婕1, 匡晓明1, 奚婷霞2, 陈筝1
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1.同济大学;2.上海同济规划设计研究院有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在健康城市建设背景下，为了鼓励健康行为、提升绿化的健康效益，急需解决不合适的绿化遮挡对行为决策（生活设施使用、步行和绿地游憩等）的负面影响。【方法】针对成都市三道街改造实践，通过眼动和行为实验探讨具体行为决策场景中，街道绿化多但行为发生不足的原因及行为决策影响机制。【结果】行为决策结果显示：降低遮挡和调整布局的绿化改造策略，不仅保障了绿视率，而且显著促进了设施使用、绿地游憩、步行意愿。佐以眼动证据发现，在设施使用决策中，沿路地面绿化改造通过增强行为任务目标要素（附属商业功能设施、沿街建筑界面等）的可见性来提升决策意愿；绿地游憩和步行活动也支持类似的结论。【结论】综上所述，街道精准绿化改造应构建街道视线窗口，避免底层灌木对活动关键区域造成视线遮挡。此外，除了注重空间品质，街道实际健康效益还必须考虑健康行为发生频率的重要性。 |
| 关键词: 城市绿化 健康行为 健康影响机制 城市更新 眼追踪 环境行为研究 循证设计 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202206100335 |
| 分类号:TU984.113 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“基于实景体验计算的城市街道景观风貌精准修补”（编号 51878461）；上海市 2021 年度“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目“大型文化公园全生命期智能管控关键技术研究“（编号 21DZ1203004） |
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| Accurate Transformation of Street Greening Promoted by Decision-Making on Health Behavior |
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JIN Yijie1, KUANG Xiaoming1, XI Tingxia2, CHEN Zheng1
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1.Tongji University;2.Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] In the context of health city construction, it is urgent to mitigate the negative impact of inappropriate greening on the use of living facilities, walking, recreation in green space, etc., so as to enhance the health benefits for citizens. Based on the renovation practice of Sandao Street in Chengdu, this research further discusses the following questions: How to rationally rearrange green spaces and functional spaces of pedestrian streets to balance the aesthetics and functionality thereof? To what extent can the increasing area of green spaces in streets affect people’s decision-making on health-related behaviors? Can we maintain a high proportion of green spaces while optimizing functional spaces for walking, living facilities, green space recreation, etc.? If so, what principles should be followed in street greening arrangement?[Methods] Based on the renovation practice of Sandao Street in Chengdu, this research, through eye movement behavior experiment, discusses the reasons and influencing mechanism for the formation of current street space pattern of excessive green spaces but insufficient functional spaces. Combining the behavioral intervention ladder and the eye movement experiment, the research explores the influence of visual attention on people’s choice of living facilities beneficial to health. The first step is to verify what environmental information can attract people’s attention in specific behavioral scenarios (use of living facilities, walking, recreation in green space, etc.). Second, will people be attracted by any environmental information show interest and preference for it? Third, how do people’s differences in interests and preferences affect their final decision-making on health-related behaviors? Based on the behavioral intervention ladder theory, the experimental measurement of behaviors supported by eye movement can be divided into three parts. On the premise of controlling the proportion of green spaces in the environmental exposure, attention, interest and action can be measured separately. Attention and interest can be respectively measured by first fixation time and total fixation time in the eye movement experiment. Action can be measured by questionnaire. [Results] The results of behavioral decision-making show that the greening transformation strategy of reducing the occlusion and adjusting the layout can not only ensure the green-looking ratio, but also significantly promote the use of facilities (from 26.25% to 78.75%), recreation in green space (from 47.50% to 68.75%), and walking intention (Experiment 1: from 35% to 85%; Experiment 2: from 25% to 75%). According to the results of the eye movement experiment, people are typically interested in the target elements such as ancillary commercial functional facilities (X=7,552.34, S=5,584.20) and street building interface (X=6,878.48, S=5,657.29), while street tree (OR=1.000,134, p=0.014) in the decision-making process of facility use (p=0.014) and ground greening along the road (OR=1.000,431, p=0.001) are taken as the core of greening transformation to improve the visibility of the target elements (ancillary commercial functional facilities and street building interface), and accordingly strengthen people’s intention to conduct relevant activities. In the decision-making on recreation in green space, compared with the walking area (X= 3,722.85, S=5,000.20), the attached recreational facilities (X=88,615.65, S=113,001.18) and pedestrian crossing facilities (X=82,090.53, S=134,824.45) attract more interest despite the small picture proportion thereof. Compared with the inward-oriented layout, the ground greening along the road (OR=0.999,716, p=0.038) in the perspective opposite the street occupies a relatively small field of view, which makes it more likely for target elements (attached recreational facilities) to attract people’s attention, thus affecting people’s decision to choose the outward-oriented green space as the recreation place in the perspective of opposite the street. Similar findings are supported by the impacts of walking activities, which provide an evidence-based perspective on street refinement and greening improvement with the goal of promoting health-related activities. [Conclusion] In terms of street greening, the proportion of green spaces should not be the only consideration. Instead, we need to focus more on the relationship between street greening and functional facilities, and pay special efforts to prevent the bottom shrubs from blocking the view of the street interface leading to those facilities. The design of greenbelts entails not only the construction of street windows, but also the setting of necessary “blank area” that can help control the pruning height of the branches of the forest canopy, only so can key elements such as the building interface along the street and the attached commercial functions and facilities be highlighted. From the perspective of actual street health benefits, we should not only consider the perceived health benefits of green space itself, but also consider how it can lead to active participation of citizens. The greening design needs to balance the area of green spaces and the accessibility of site layout, so as to enhance people’s intention of walking and recreation. However, this research, as a single case of evidence-based design research, shows limited practical value for other types of street reconstruction. For further improvement, future researches are supposed to incorporate more abundant street samples, and further discuss the health-related behaviors of citizens in a more systematic way. In addition, although the tabletop experiment based on scene photos can meet the standard of effective control over transformation conditions required by evidence-based research, it cannot simulate people’s feelings for real street space. Therefore, in the future, experimental tools such as head-mounted eye movement and VR should also be incorporated into relevant researches. |
| Key words: urban greening health behavior health influence mechanism urban renewal eye tracking environmental behavior research evidence-based design |
| 引用本文: | 金伊婕,匡晓明,奚婷霞,陈筝.健康行为决策促进的街道绿化精准改造[J].风景园林，2023，30（1）：45-53. |
| JIN Yijie,KUANG Xiaoming,XI Tingxia,CHEN Zheng.Accurate Transformation of Street Greening Promoted by Decision-Making on Health Behavior[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(1):45-53. |
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