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| 国家植物园助力生物多样性保护的途径与方法 |
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魏钰, 董知洋, 池淼, 周达康, 张辉, 贺然
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国家植物园
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】国家植物园是在国家层面开展植物迁地保护的机构，承担着中国植物多样性保护的重任。以中国首个国家植物园为例，论述了其在植物多样性保护方面的工作，旨在为中国国家植物园体系建设提供参考和借鉴。【分析】介绍了生物多样性概念的由来，中国生物多样性概况、现存问题及生物多样性保护的意义。分析了国内外植物园对生物多样性保护的贡献，探讨了国家植物园可以在国家层面，通过物种收集、科学研究、国际合作以及科普教育4个主要途径在中国乃至世界生物多样性保护中发挥更重要的作用。同时指出随着中国国家植物园体系的建设，植物园在生物多样性保护方面的作用将更加凸显。【展望】在生态文明背景下，对国家植物园的责任、使命与工作方向进行了展望，指出国家植物园今后应加强在生物多样性编目和物种监测、迁地栽培植物的保护评估、物种濒危原因和生存策略研究、生物多样性与生态功能关系、气候变化对植物适应性进化的影响以及外来入侵物种监测与防治等方面工作，同时应与以就地保护为主要功能的自然保护地体系紧密合作，完善中国生物多样性保护安全体系，为生态文明建设与可持续发展提供坚强保障。 |
| 关键词: 国家植物园 生物多样性 迁地保护 生态文明建设 物种收集 科学研究 国际合作 科普教育 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202209240557 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Approaches and Methods for China National Botanical Gardens to Contribute to Biodiversity Conservation |
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WEI Yu, DONG Zhiyang, CHI Miao, ZHOU Dakang, ZHANG Hui, HE Ran
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China National Botanical Garden
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] China National Botanical Garden as an institution that carries out ex situ conservation of plants at the national level and undertakes the important task of plant diversity conservation in China. Taking the first national botanical garden in China as an example, this research discusses the main approaches and methods for national botanical gardens to contribute to plant diversity conservation, for purpose of providing reference for the construction of a national botanical garden system in China.[Analysis] This research introduces the concept of biodiversity, the general situation and existing problems of biodiversity in China and the significance of biodiversity conservation. China is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. There are still some problems in China’s biodiversity conservation, although a lot of efforts have been made. A national botanical garden of a country typically serves as a national base for plant diversity conservation in and a representation of the country. On December 28, 2021, the State Council approved the establishment of the national botanical garden in Beijing. On April 18, 2022, the national botanical garden was officially inaugurated in Beijing and named as China National Botanical Garden, marking a new chapter in the construction of national botanical garden system in China. There are four main approaches and methods for national botanical gardens to contribute to biodiversity conservation. First, effectively preserve valuable plant resources through species collection. By now, the China National Botanical Garden has collected and preserved about 17,000 species of plants (including subspecies), including 786 endemic species in China, 354 species included in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021), 1,412 species included in the Appendix to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and 79 critically endangered (CR) species, 150 endangered (EN) species and 170 vulnerable (VU) species included in the Volume of Higher Plants in the China Biodiversity Red List, covering Orchidaceae, Gesneriaceae, Araceae, Cycideraceae, Serodiaceae, Cactus and other plant groups. It can be said that China National Botanical Garden has become a “Noah’s Ark” for the protection of rare and endangered plants, and has provided rich plant materials for scientific research, science popularization, horticultural exhibition, etc. Second, provide scientific support for ex situ conservation through scientific research. China National Botanical Garden has organized and completed the preparation of both the Chinese and English versions of Flora of China, a national flora of China with great achievements in ex situ conservation of rare and endangered plants, such as Orchids, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Welwitschia mirabilis, Amorphophallus titanum and Clematis acerifolia. Third, contribute to global biodiversity conservation through international cooperation. China National Botanical Garden is one of the most important members of the Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) and a member of the International Advisory Committee (IAC). It is also one of the founding members and East Asian representative of the Climate Change Alliance of Botanic Gardens (CCABG), and a base for international scientific and technological cooperation in Beijing that represents the image of Beijing and China as a whole. In addition, China National Botanical Garden has conducted international scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges successively with more than 70 international famous botanical gardens and professional organizations, such as the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Australia Royal Botanic Garden, and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Last but not the least, raise public awareness of biodiversity conservation through public education. The Public Education Center of China National Botanical Garden receives about 1 million visitors each year, and attracts more than 10 million of online and offline audiences through holding science popularization activities, publishing science popularization articles and videos, etc. In 2021, China National Botanical Garden was recognized as one of the first national science popularization education bases in China by China Association for Science and Technology on the ground that it plays an important role in improving people’s awareness of biodiversity conservation and scientific literacy. On July 11, 2022, the South China National Botanical Garden was inaugurated, marking the beginning of the construction of China’s national botanical garden system. Steady progress has been made in the buildng of the national botanical garden system following the goal of gradually covering the ex situ conservation of more than 85% of wild native plants and all key protected wild plant species in China.[Prospects] Under the background of ecological civilization, the research envisions the future responsibility, mission and work direction of national botanical gardens in China. In the future, the national botanical gardens should intensify efforts on such tasks as biodiversity inventory, improvement of ex situ plant biology data, compilation and research of biodiversity annals, research on the causes of species endangerment and survival strategies, biodiversity monitoring, collaborative management of biodiversity conservation and climate change response, and the impact of invasive species. Meanwhile, national botanical gardens should work closely with the natural protection area system with in situ conservation as the main function, to improve China’s biodiversity conservation security system, and provide a strong guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development in China. |
| Key words: national botanical garden biodiversity ex situ conservation construction of ecological civilization species collection scientific research international cooperation public education |
| 引用本文: | 魏钰,董知洋,池淼,周达康,张辉,贺然.国家植物园助力生物多样性保护的途径与方法[J].风景园林，2023，30（2）：28-33. |
| WEI Yu,DONG Zhiyang,CHI Miao,ZHOU Dakang,ZHANG Hui,HE Ran.Approaches and Methods for China National Botanical Gardens to Contribute to Biodiversity Conservation[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(2):28-33. |
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