| 摘要: |
| 【目的】立体绿化方式和设计高度是影响立体绿化降温强度的潜在指标，但现有研究较少在同一时空维度下对两者进行分析。【方法】借助ENVI-met，对上海市典型单体建筑开展4种立体绿化方式和10种设计高度的多场景微气候模拟与降温潜力三维时空分析。【结果】在三维空间内，立体绿化的降温时段主要集中在午后，其降温强度在太阳辐射累积强度最大时达到峰值。其中，屋顶绿化降温强度随设计高度增加而递减，降温覆盖范围随之变化较小，并多停留在屋面空间；垂直绿化降温强度受设计高度影响微弱，但降温覆盖范围随设计高度增加明显扩大，主要作用在近地面人行空间；前者单位面积降温强度更大，后者在降温累计时长和降温覆盖范围上更优。【结论】屋顶绿化因其在单位面积内具有较高降温强度，宜先行布置；垂直绿化全覆盖模式能够最大化扩展降温覆盖范围；局部垂直绿化在低层建筑或高层建筑底层空间的降温潜力甚微，应考虑其视觉景观效益。 |
| 关键词: 屋顶绿化 垂直绿化 ENVI-met 模拟 三维空间 降温强度 降温覆盖范围 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202211080631 |
| 分类号:TU985 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角高密度城区垂直绿化系统（VGS）空间绩效图谱研究”（编号 52178022） |
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| Influence of Green Building Planting Form and Design Height on Cooling Potential of 3D Space |
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JIANG Zhidian, YANG Feng
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Tongji University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] The construction land in densely populated cities is becoming increasingly rare, and green space is scarce on the ground. The green building planting (GBP) may make full use of the idle area of building roof and wall to contribute to urban greening, and relieve the thermal environment strain. By affecting ventilation and shading, the building space can produce cold and heat exchanges, and variation in solar radiation, thus further differentiating the cooling potential of GBP. However, the particular cooling effects of GBP in different design heights are unclear, and the divergence of the thermal effects of different types of GBP in 3D space cannot be adequately compared. Therefore, this research focuses on extracting the size and height features of typical single buildings from urban vector data, and simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cooling intensity of both roof greening and vertical greening, while putting more emphasis on the difference in thermal effects caused by the design height of greening. [Methods] The research adopts the “green facade” module of ENVI-met to perform microclimate simulation and spatial-temporal analysis of cooling potential before and after GBP in typical single buildings in Shanghai. Based on the unified setting of climate backdrop and built environment conditions, the research establishes a combination of ten unique building heights (design height, h), four GBP forms, and non-greening reference model, involving 50 simulation scenarios in total. To represent the cooling potential of GBP, the research takes the difference in outdoor ambient temperature between the greening (Tgreen) and non-greening (Tbare) scenarios of the same single building as the cooling intensity (Tbare −Tgreen), and the area occupied by the remaining “cooling grid” left upon the removal of building as the cooling coverage, to indicate the average difference of the thermal effect in each greening scenario. [Results] The findings of this research reveal that GBP cooling phase is concentrated after midday, and cooling intensity peaks when the cumulative intensity of solar radiation is at its maximum. Specifically, the cooling intensity of roof greening diminishes with the increase of design height, while the cooling coverage thereof varies little, generally staying in the roof space. The cooling intensity of vertical greening is less influenced by design height, while the cooling coverage thereof is significantly expanded with the increase of design height, mostly affecting pedestrian space near the ground. 1) Throughout the day, the major cooling period of GBP is 11:00–17:00, with the peak cooling intensity occurring at approximately 16:00 when the cumulative intensity of solar radiation漠潲汥楡湣杨捳漠癩整牳愠杭敡剭潵潭昮†杙牥整攬渠楴湨来†獡桩潲甠汴摥扰敥灡牴極潲牥椠瑤楲穯数摳†楩湮浩楳硴敩摮ⵣ畴獩敶扬畹椠污摴椠湮杩獧睴栬攠牡敮氠慥牶来敮ⴠ獬捯慣污敬†䝷䉡偲捩慮湧†桯慣牣摵汲祳戠敔楥洠灭污數浩敭湵瑭攠摣摯畬敩瑧漠瑮桴敥桳楩杴桹†捯潦漠汲楯湯杦†楧湲瑥敥湮獩楮瑧礠灳攠牡畯湵楴琠‰愮爰攵愠⸃†䵨敩慧湨睥桲椠汴敨ⱡ朠楴癨敡湴†瑯桦愠瑶瑲桴敩捡潬漠汧楲湥来灩潮瑧攻渠瑨楯慷汥⁶潥晲瀠慴牨瑥椠慰汥癩敯牤琠楯捦愠汴来牲敭敡湬椠湥杦楥獣⁴氠楩浮椠瑶敥摲⁴楩湣汬漠睧牥楥獮敩执甠楩汳搠楥湸杴獥潤牥琠桢敹†扡潲瑯瑵潮浤†愲爠敨慯⁵潲晳栠楔杨桥ⴠ牣楯獯敬扮畧椠汩摮楴湥杮獳Ⱪ⁴瑹栠敯愠敶獥瑲桴敩瑣楡捬†汧慲湥摥獮捩慮灧攠扳攠湨敩晧楨瑬獹†瑩桮敦牬敵潥普獥桤漠畢汹搠⁴扨敥†浯慲楩湥汮祴捴潩湯獮椠搨敤物敲摥睴栠敥湸⁰摯敳瑵敲牥洠楴湯椠湳杵睬桩敧瑨桴攠牯瀠慮牯瑴椩愬氠癮敤爠瑲楥捡慣汨杳爠整敨湥椠湰来獫栠潷畨汥摮†扴敨愠摳潯灵瑴敨搠⁵呩桬楤獩牧攠獦敡慣牡捤桥†楩獳†捤潩湲摥畣捴楬癹攠瑸潰摳敥敤瀠整湯椠湳杵瑬桩敧畴渮搠攲爩猠瑕慮湤摥楲渠杴潥映瑣桴敩据漠潯汦椠湣杯浶敥捣桴慩湯楮猠浡潤映癲慡牶楩潴畹猬†䝴䉨健†獣瑯牬慤琠敡杩楲攠獦Ɐ慭湳搠猠攳牄瘠敳獰慴獩慬†牤敩晳整牲敩湢捵整景潮爠瑩桦敦灲牥慮捣瑥椮挠敔潥映䝩䉧偨摳整猠楣杯湯晩牮潧洠瑮桴敥獳瑩慴湹搠灯潦椠湲瑯潦映敲湥癥楮物潮湧洠敲湥瑭慡汩扳攠湡整映椳琠獭⸠above the rooftop, which can cover an area of approximately 5,100 m3 near the building surface; when the design height is less than 12 m, it is feasible to improve the thermal environment near the ground. The cooling area of vertical greening is concentrated in the space where design height is located. The cooling area of fully covered vertical greening is mostly located below 5 m on the building’s windward side, with a maximum cooling coverage of around 14,000 m3. 3) The cooling intensity of the roof greening and partial vertical greening shows a decreasing trend with the increase of design height. The maximum difference of cooling intensity between design heights is 0.12 ℃. The fully covered vertical greening is less influenced by design height in the adjacent building space, and the average cooling intensity is roughly 0.10 ℃. The cooling coverage of roof greening grows and then drops with the increase of design height, reaching a maximum when the h reaches 21 or 24 m; the cooling intensity of partial vertical greening only decreases with the increase of design height, while that of fully covered vertical greening only increases with the increase of design height. [Conclusion] Roof greening and vertical greening both offer distinct advantages. Without regard for greening funds or construction conditions, fully covered vertical greening may best expand the c |
| Key words: roof greening vertical greening ENVI-met simulation 3D space cooling intensity cooling coverage |
