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| 面向保护管理的城市历史公园知识层级信息模型构建与应用 |
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戴代新1, 郑梦琳1, 陈敏思2
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1.同济大学;2.深圳市城市规划设计研究院股份有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】新时代城市建设转型的背景下，城市历史公园亟须从遗产视角进行保护管理，三维信息模型构建是当前数字化遗产保护的新发展趋势，但此方面鲜有针对历史公园的系统性研究。【方法】采用文献研究、半结构式访谈、问卷调研等社会学研究方法对上海历史公园的保护管理工作和需求进行分析，并应用信息模型构建方法、虚拟现实技术、Web技术等计算机学科方法构建信息模型。【结果】以上海历史公园为研究对象，通过调查研究明确保护管理工作的现状、主要内容和信息语义编码；借鉴建筑信息模型（BIM）的多细节层级技术（LOD）提出历史公园的知识层级（LOK100~400）模型；结合数据采集协议（DAP）制定共同工作流程框架。基于以上成果进行实证检验，建立了上海历史公园信息平台，并以上海复兴公园为例构建了LOK100~300的信息模型，部分实现了理论研究提出的设想和主要功能。【结论】研究成果为中国历史公园信息模型构建的理论与实践提供借鉴和参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 历史公园 信息模型 知识层级 本体技术 上海复兴公园 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202209210549 |
| 分类号:TU985.14 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“历史公园的风貌演化机制与活态遗产特征识别、保护研究”（编号 52278073）；高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室（同济大学）开放课题“增强现实与交互技术在城市历史公园信息建模中的应用”（编号 2019020305） |
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| Construction and Application of Level of Knowledge Information Model for Conservation and Management of Urban Historical Park |
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DAI Daixin1, ZHENG Menglin1, CHEN Minsi2
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1.Tongji University;2.Urban Planning and Design Institute of Shenzhen Co., Ltd
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] In the context of urban construction transformation in the new era, urban historical parks are in urgent need of conservation and management from the perspective of heritage. In the renovation and renewal of urban historical parks, there still exist a number of problems. For example, historical relics may change over time, new landscape may fail to match the historical appearance, or the public may be incapable of effectively perceiving the historical or cultural value of historical sites. The reason for this is that historical information fails to play its due role in the renewal, conservation and management of historical parks, and whether historical information can actually play its role is crucial indeed. The development of 3D information modeling technology provides unprecedented opportunities for heritage landscape conservation and management methods, especially in terms of the recording and dissemination of information, but there are few systematic researches on this aspect for historical parks. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to study the construction of information models for historical parks that are integrated with cultural heritage conservation and management. [Methods] This research adopts sociological research methods to analyze the conservation and management needs of Shanghai historical parks, and applies computer discipline methods to construct an information model, which mainly involves the following steps. 1) The research conducts data collection mainly in the form of semi-structured interviews, supplemented by questionnaire research, which involves a total of nine interviewees (including designers, engineers and managers) who ever experienced historical park renovation within the past 20 years. In particular, the managers involved are required to have more than 20 years of experience managing historical parks. By obtaining the interviewees’ real experiences and memories of historical park renovation events, and using NVivo software to analyze and summarize the documents, the research summarizes the contents and needs of historical park conservation and management. 2) Drawing on the four-dimensional information model theory, level of detail (LOD) theory, and family construction analysis theory in building information modeling (BIM), the research constructs a historical park information model based on the level of knowledge (LOK). In addition, the research adopts the digital technology to provide a complete and consistent information base in combination with the actual situation for the virtual 3D model established. 3) The research applies the virtual reality technology to generate 3D graphics based on panoramic photos, applies the dynamic environment modeling technology to display four-dimensional spatio-temporal information, and applies the Web technology to build an interactive network platform. [Results] The research clarifies the current status of conservation and management of historical parks, and proposes a framework for the whole-process conservation and management of historical parks. The framework is composed of the five parts of heritage survey, dynamic monitoring, assessment and analysis, implementation and disposal, and heritage interpretation, further perfecting the content of the overall conservation management framework for landscape heritage in historical parks. In addition, the research classifies relevant information according to the work requirements of the five aspects of historical park conservation and management, and achieves four-dimensional semantic coding of the information. On this basis, the research proposes the level of knowledge (LOK100 – 400) model for historical parks with reference to the LOD technology of BIM, with each level of LOK corresponding to different application scenarios, which can be detailed as follows. LOK100 is intended for public enjoyment, which can provide public-oriented tours and displays; LOK200 is used for daily management, which can help managers realize data query updates corresponding to spatial entities; LOK300 serves for professional research, which can provide relevant researchers with tools for observational studies and the basis for intervention actions; LOK400 is designed for dynamic monitoring to meet the monitoring and supervision needs before and after intervention, which is a comprehensive information model that can simulate the whole-process conservation and management of historical parks. Based on the above results, the research establishes an information platform for Shanghai historical parks, which is functional for the whole-process conservation and management of urban historical parks, covering all such aspects as heritage survey, heritage interpretation, dynamic monitoring, evaluation and analysis, and implementation and disposal; in addition, the research constructs the information model of LOK100 – 300 with Shanghai Fuxing Park as an example, which can partially realize the ideas and main functions proposed by the theoretical study. [Conclusion] At the theoretical level, this research proposes an alternative four-dimensional information model construction system based on the knowledge hierarchy of the LOK information model, which strengthens the relevance and effectiveness of the digital information model. At the application level, the research proposes a Web-based multifunctional, information-sharing, and real-time feedback information exchange platform for historical parks. The platform is inclusive enough to store multifarious and heterogeneous information, which can connect the whole-process conservation and management with information models at all levels, create Web platform interfaces for all stakeholders, and thus become a transparent and open platform under common construction and governance that can achieve information sharing and mutual benefits. The Web-based dissemination of the platform can attract more stakeholders, including managers, the public, traditional artisans, monitoring agencies, experts and scholars, to freely communicate and exchange information resources on this platform. The information model construction method proposed in this research is still at the exploratory stage. Due to research time and funding constraints, the proposed information model construction method has not yet been fully implemented in the empirical application of Shanghai Fuxing Park, and will be followed up and deepened in subsequent researches. |
| Key words: landscape architecture historical park information model level of knowledge (LOK) ontology Shanghai Fuxing Park |
| 引用本文: | 戴代新,郑梦琳,陈敏思.面向保护管理的城市历史公园知识层级信息模型构建与应用[J].风景园林，2023，30（5）：91-99. |
| DAI Daixin,ZHENG Menglin,CHEN Minsi.Construction and Application of Level of Knowledge Information Model for Conservation and Management of Urban Historical Park[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(5):91-99. |
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