| 摘要: |
| [目的]深入解析长三角城市绿地与人口的关系，对于推进区域一体化背景下的新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。[方法]引入标度律模型，选取长三角41个城市为研究单元，分析2000—2020年城市绿地要素的标度因子时空特征。[结果]1）全域特征方面，长三角城市绿地面积由超线性演化为亚线性模式，公园绿地、公园面积处于亚线性模式，规模效应显著，城市绿地各要素的增长模式均受建成区面积亚线性模式的约束。2）城市绿地要素的标度因子比较方面，呈现“公园绿地面积＞城市绿地面积＞公园面积”状态，公园绿地面积的标度因子略高于城市绿地面积，趋近于线性增长模式，公园面积标度因子的亚线性模式最明显，三者标度因子较全国水平均较低。3）空间分异特征方面，城市绿地要素标度因子在省级行政区划上呈“江苏＞浙江＞安徽”的状态；在时序演化规律上，三省标度因子逐渐趋近，亚线性模式的共性特征日趋明显。[结论]研究揭示了城市绿地的规模效应及其标度因子的时空特征及其内在规律，以期为统筹区域城市绿地与人口的协调发展提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市绿地 城市人口 标度因子 规模效应 长三角 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202212300740 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于空间计量分析的中国市域建成区绿地率空间分异的格局、演变及其机理研究”（编号 51778389）；江苏省企业研究生工作站（苏州园林设计院股份有限公司）；江苏高校品牌专业建设工程二期项目（风景园林）；“十四五”江苏省重点学科（风景园林学） |
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| Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Scaling Factors of Urban Green Spaces in the Yangtze River Delta |
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LIU Zhiqiang, FAN Shenghan, YU Hui, HONG Genwei
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Suzhou University of Science and Technology
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] The deepening analysis of the relationship between green space and population in cities within the Yangtze River Delta is important for promoting the new urbanization construction in the context of regional integration. [Methods] This research introduces a scaling law model to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the scaling factors of urban green space during the period from 2000 to 2020 by selecting 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta as research units. The scaling law model is suitable for measuring the non-linear scaling relationship between urban elements and urban population size, which can be used to analyze the scaling factors of urban green space elements and urban population size in the same time section. [Results] 1) In terms of the global characteristics of scaling factor, the scaling factor characteristics of urban green space in the Yangtze River Delta can reflect the stronger scale effect of each type of green space. The scaling factors of built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta are always in a sublinear pattern, and evolve in a temporal sequence of “decline – rise – decline”, indicating that the utilization efficiency of built-up area increases with city scale, reflecting the increasingly intensified utilization of built-up area. The sublinear pattern of urban green space elements is synchronized with that of built-up area, and the sharing degree of urban green space elements increases with city scale. The level of scaling factors of urban green space elements in the Yangtze River Delta is low compared with the national level, reflecting that the scale effect of urban green space in the Yangtze River Delta is stronger than the national level, which is mainly due to the gradual transformation of urban green space from incremental expansion to stock optimization that is expected to gradually improve the spatial efficiency of urban green space, and also due to the fact that the larger city scale is, the higher the degree of fine configuration of urban green space will be. 2) In the comparison of the scaling factors of urban green space elements, the descending order of “park green space area > urban green space area > park area” is shown: The scaling factor of park green space area is the highest, which basically realizes the universal supply for population demanding in the urban system, and the sharing degree in big cities has some room for improvement; the scaling factors of urban green space area and built-up area are basically the similarity; the evolution of the scaling factors of urban green space and built-up area is basically the same, and the sharing degree from small cities to large ones continues to increase; the scaling factor of park area is the lowest, and the contradiction between supply and demand with population scale becomes more obvious as the city scale rises, which reflects that the sharing degree of parks is higher and that the total number of parks in large cities still has some spaces for improvement. 3) In terms of spatial and temporal characteristics, scaling factors have demonstrated the descending order of “Jiangsu > Zhejiang > Anhui” by administrative division, and the urban green space elements in different areas of a region follow the overall scaling law of the whole region. The differences are most significant in Anhui Province, where the distribution of urban green space factors from small to large cities is significantly unbalanced, while Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province are in a state of coordinated development where urban green space and population size complement each other. At the level of temporal characteristics, the same scale factor of urban green space elements in different provinces presents the tendency of assimilation, which is due to the combined effect of multiple factors such as the staged evolution of land use pattern in built-up areas and socio-economic development in the process of population urbanization, as well as the tendency of urban green space construction guided by the upper planning outline in a unified manner. [Conclusions] The research reveals the scaling effect of urban green spaces and the spatial-temporal characteristics and internal laws of the scaling factors thereof. The scaling factors have non-linear characteristics in the scalar relationship between urban green space and population, which is a valuable supplement to the current evaluation indexes of per capita enjoyment based on linear relationship, and can help objectively quantify the local performance of different cities, and promote the refinement and improvement of relevant normative standards for urban green space planning based on related city-specific policies. The spatially convergent evolution pattern of the scaling factor of urban green space elements in the Yangtze River Delta reflects, to a certain extent, the response to the trend of coordinated regional development in the process of regional integration. The scaling factors gradually decrease in terms of time series, reflecting the transformation from incremental expansion to stock improvement of urban green space. At the level of specific elements, the differences and similarities in the scaling factors of various urban green space elements are the corollary of the different attributes of various green spaces. The above findings of this research could provide a scientific basis for the coordinated development of regional urban green space and population. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban green space urban population scaling factor scale effect Yangtze River Delta |
| 引用本文: | 刘志强,范胜寒,余慧,洪亘伟.长三角城市绿地标度因子的时空特征分析[J].风景园林，2023，30（8）：97-102. |
| LIU Zhiqiang,FAN Shenghan,YU Hui,HONG Genwei.Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the Scaling Factors of Urban Green Spaces in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(8):97-102. |
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