| 摘要: |
| 城市景观是一种具有多感官价值的社会公共资源，但因其视觉等维度的公平性难以量化，景观公平性研究多集中于资源的合理配置和居民可达性等方向。尝试通过街道景观对路权冲突的补偿作用，来衡量其视觉公平性。研究将街道环境使用者在遭遇路权冲突时引发的情绪反应作为表征，量化街景补偿作用，从而建立街景元素、视觉补偿以及路权冲突三者之间的关系。通过问卷调查与情景模拟的方法识别上海市研究范围内的街景，呈现出两类明显不同的补偿作用：正向补偿与负向补偿。其中，在正向补偿型街景中，天空、绿植等街景元素与开阔度、一致性等景观特性对于缓解因路权冲突引起的愤怒情绪具有显著作用。此外，还发现上海市不同区域低等级街道的街景补偿作用在不同使用者群体之间具有偏向性。因此，提出从街景补偿角度对城市低等级街道进行分类，以街景补偿对使用者情绪的影响，缓解使用者之间固有的不公平性，减少冲突，改善街道使用者的心理健康水平，保证街道环境安全。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 街景补偿 公平性 低等级街道 路权冲突 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.09.0109.07 |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（编号 51678417、51808393）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（编号BJFUKF201902） |
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| Research on the Fairness of Streetscape Visual Compensation: Taking Shanghai Low Hierarchical Street as a Case Study |
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SHAO Yuhan1, XUE Zhenying1, YIN Yuting2, MA Dongbo3
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1.Tongji University;2.University of Sheffield;3.Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd.
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| Abstract: |
| Urban landscape is a social resource with multi-sensory values. However, existing landscape fairness research mainly focuses on the rational allocation and accessibility due to the difficulty in quantifying the fairness in its visual dimension. This paper attempts to measure the visual equity of streetscape through the influence of streetscape compensation on the right-of-way conflict. This study takes the anger caused by street environment users when they encounter right-of-way conflict as a representation, quantifies the compensation effect of streetscape, and establishes the relationship among street view elements, visual equity and right-of-way conflict. Through the methods of questionnaire survey and scenario simulation, the study identifies that streetscape in the study area of Shanghai presents two distinct compensation effects. One type, known as negative compensation streetscape, tends to aggravate users’ anger while the other, referred to as the positive compensation street view, can alleviate the anger of users. Further analysis on the positive compensation streetscapes shows that sky, greenery, openness and coherence of the streetscape have significantly positive effects on alleviating the anger caused by right-of-way conflict. In addition, the results show that the compensation of low hierarchical street streetscape indicate different bias towards users in different areas of Shanghai. Therefore, this paper puts forward urban low hierarchical street classification method from the perspective of streetscape compensation, and suggests that rationally utilizing the “soft” influence of streetscape compensation on users’ psychological perceptions can effectively alleviate the inherent inequality between subjects of right-of-way conflict, and reduce right-of-way conflict, so as to ensure the health and safety of urban street environment. |
| Key words: landscape architecture streetscape compensation fairness low hierarchical street conflict |
| 引用本文: | 邵钰涵,薛贞颖,殷雨婷,马东波.街道景观视觉补偿公平性研究：以上海市城市低等级街道为例[J].风景园林，2020，27（9）：109-115. |
| SHAO Yuhan,XUE Zhenying,YIN Yuting,MA Dongbo.Research on the Fairness of Streetscape Visual Compensation: Taking Shanghai Low Hierarchical Street as a Case Study[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2020, 27(9):109-115. |
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