| 摘要: |
| 伦敦皇家苑囿是世界上最早开放的园林，也是英国园林的重要组成部分。旨在通过探讨皇家苑囿的开放历程，深入理解园林的公共属性及“苑囿”（park）这一景观形式。借由历时性的分析，指出苑囿在传入英格兰初期，本是开放的场所，但在14世纪开始演变为王室的私人狩猎场。随后，这些苑囿一直被王室半开放给指定的特权群体，或财富阶层，以换取利益，直至19世纪下半叶才迫于民众压力实现完全开放。因此，皇家苑囿经历了一个从开放到封闭，到半开放，再到完全开放的过程；而其开放与否则与苑囿功能有着紧密联系，并以满足王室利益的最大化为最终目的。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 历时性研究 公共 公园 英国园林史 方形广场 |
| DOI：10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.10.0124.05 |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:欧洲研究委员会地平线研究创新项目（编号 802070）；耶鲁大学保罗梅隆英国艺术研究中心博士后基金 2019—2020（编号 03-2019-POST/46）；哈佛大学敦巴顿橡树园研究基金 2015—2016 |
|
| Open to the Public: The Opening Up of Royal Parks in London |
|
ZHANG Yichi
|
|
University of Oslo
|
| Abstract: |
| The royal parks in London were the first parks in the world to be open to the public, and collectively make up a significant component of the British garden history. An examination of the process of opening up these parks contributes to further exploring the public attributes of designed landscapes and the concept of public parks. Through a diachronic analysis, this paper points out that parks were open to the public when the concept of “park” was initially introduced into England. Since the 14th century, they evolved into private hunting grounds for the royal families. Then, these parks were opened to the designated privileged stratum and wealthy classes. Finally, under the pressure of the masses, they were entirely opened to the public in the late 19th century. Hence, these parks have experienced a process from open to closed, to semi-open, and to fully open. The opening of parks was closely associated with the transformation of the nature and function of these parks, and aimed to maximize profits for the royal families. |
| Key words: landscape architecture diachronic study publicity public park English garden history square |
