| 摘要: |
| 【目的】自然保护地规划中常用的空间分区方法存在管理目标和内容不够精确、与生态系统的层级性和动态性不匹配等缺陷。中国南方地区的国家公园普遍面临土地权属复杂、人地矛盾突出等情况。探索基于管理目标导向的层级化空间管控划分方法，对更科学、精准、经济地实现国家公园自然保护的目标具有重要意义。【方法】提出生态空间管控单元概念和耦合管理目标的多层级空间管控体系，对比分析生态空间管控单元的主要特征，并提出建构框架和流程。以拟建南岭国家公园为案例，基于上述方法和森林资源二类调查等数据进行生态空间管控单元的建构。【结果】生态空间管控单元体系的建立，将南岭国家公园原有的核心保护区和一般控制区划进一步细分为16类管控单元并建立了相应的正负面行为清单；以自然演替方式为主的严格管理区域占总面积的比例，从二分区制的51.06%提高到管控单元体系划定的85.54%。【结论】生态空间管控单元的提出与应用，使得国家公园保护管理的强度和精确度得到有效提升，并可进一步支撑地役权保护等专项管理工作落地实施。 |
| 关键词: 国家公园 自然保护地 空间分区 生态空间管控单元 建构方法 南岭国家公园 |
| DOI：10.12409/j.fjyl.202303290156 |
| 分类号:TU981 |
| 基金项目:广东省林业局国家公园建设专项“南岭国家公园地役权保护模式实施方案编制” |
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| Ecological Space Management and Regulation Unit of National Park: Concept, Formation and Application |
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DENG Yi1, MAO Ziyi1, XING Chengyue1, HUANG Jinling2
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1.Guangzhou University;2.Guangzhou Xinhua University
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| Abstract: |
| [Objective] National parks are ecological spaces that carry unique natural resources and harmonious human-environment relationships. Precise spatial management and regulation is the core means to achieve national conservation and management objectives with respect to national parks. However, the commonly used spatial zoning methods in protected area planning mostly follow a basic framework of concentric circles. They fail to incorporate a perspective based on management objectives, lack clear hierarchical relationships in zoning, and are not dynamic enough. As a result, there are deficiencies such as imprecise management objectives and content, and a mismatch with the hierarchical and dynamic nature of the ecosystem. National parks in China, particularly in the southern region, often face human-land contradictions arising from such problems as excessively high proportion of collective forest land and insufficient precise conservation constraints. Exploring hierarchical spatial control methods based on management objectives is of great significance for achieving national park conservation objectives in a more scientific, precise and cost-effective manner. [Methods] Considering that the spatial zoning methods commonly used in the planning of protected areas cannot reflect the ecosystem, resulting in inaccurate management objectives, this research make the following efforts to improve the accurary of the spatial zoning of national parks. Firstly, by analyzing relevant cases on the management and control of protected areas at home and abroad, this research identifies such problems as the lack of accurate management and regulation of protected areas. In view of this, the research proposes the concept of ecological space management and regulation units at the methodological level. Secondly, the research establishes a multi-level spatial management and regulation system framework coupled with specific management and regulation objectives. Finally, taking Nanling National Park as an example, the research, based on data collected from the second forestry adjustment and the third territorial spatial adjustment of Nanling National Park, adopts the ArcGIS software to successively take the following steps: ecological matrix combing − grid unit division − management intensity classification − spatial information superposition − spatial clustering fitting. Nanling National Park is divided into 16 types of ecological space management and regulation units, with the protection focus of each unit being defined based on the management problems and protection needs in each district, based on which corresponding protection measures are proposed. [Results] The concept of ecological space management and regulation unit can be defined at two levels. At the methodological level, the ecological space management and regulation unit as a whole is a multi-level space management and regulation system coupled with management objectives. At the technical level, each specific space management and regulation unit is a spatial unit corresponding to a specific ecosystem level and management objective within the multi-level space management and regulation system. These units are defined by hierarchical characteristics, spatial boundaries, management objectives and regulatory measures. Therefore, the ecological space management and regulation unit can be expanded to further clarify the spatial nested hierarchical logic that conforms to the characteristics of the ecosystem and goes beyond the traditional zoning model, which is further supported by the research on Nanling National Park. The establishment of the ecological space management and regulation unit system further subdivides the original core conservation zones and general regulation zones into 16 types of regulation units along with corresponding positive and negative behavior lists. The proportion of strictly managed areas zones dominated by natural succession increases from 51.06% under the binary zoning system to 85.54% under the defined ecological space management and regulation unit system. Moreover, the ecological space management and regulation units can be further refined and delineated at deeper levels in specific areas based on specific management objectives as needed, thus providing a scientific basis for longterm monitoring and management. [Conclusion] The proposal and application of ecological space management and regulation units can effectively improve the intensity and accuracy of national park protection and management, and further support the implementation of special management work such as easement protection. Based on the traditional zoning mode, the ecological space management and regulation unit can further expand the spatial nested hierarchy logic that conforms to the characteristics of the ecosystem, which can exponentially improve the refinement of zoning theoretically, and at the same time strengthen the core zoning basis based on the management objectives of ecological protection, so as to ensure that the fine subdivision of control zones can be achieved as needed, thus more effectively serving the management objectives of ecological protection. |
| Key words: national park protected area space zoning ecological space management and regulation unit construction method Nanling National Park |
| 引用本文: | 邓毅,毛子一,邢成玥,黄金玲.国家公园的生态空间管控单元：概念、构建与应用[J].风景园林，2023，30（10）：34-41. |
| DENG Yi,MAO Ziyi,XING Chengyue,HUANG Jinling.Ecological Space Management and Regulation Unit of National Park: Concept, Formation and Application[J].Landscape Architecture Journal, 2023, 30(10):34-41. |
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